Dybo's law

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In historical linguistics, Dybo's law is the shortening of a long vowel immediately before l or r when the following syllable has the accent. The phonetic law , named after its discoverer Vladimir Antonovič Dybo , is effective in the Italian , Celtic , Germanic and Slavic languages ; The decisive factor here are the rules of emphasis in Urindo-European . Also affected are those vowels that were only lengthened as a result of the shrinkage of a so-called laryngal , but not those that were created by the vocalization of a laryngal following a syllable resonant (e.g. Latin clārus , loud, widely resounding, bright ') <* klāros <* ḱl̥h₁-ró- ).

Example: ahd. Who , Man ' air. fer , Latin vir [ we ], umbr. ueiro [ u̯erɒ ] <* wīrós < uridg. * uiH-ró-s > aind. vīráḥ ‚man, hero ', av. vīra- ‚ ds.', lit. výras 'man'.

Possible counterexamples are about Latin fūlīgō 'soot', which like aind. dhūlikā 'fog' as a guttural extension to idg. * dʰuh₂-li- (cf. aind. dhūlī́- 'smoke', lit.dū́lis 'incense to drive the bees away ') or Latin pūrus 'pure, louder' or air. úr 'fresh', which is interpreted as * ph₂ú-ro- ( IEW , p. 827; EDL , p. 500 f.).

literature

  • Michiel de Vaan: Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages . (EDL). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2008.
  • Gerhard Meiser: Historical phonetics and forms of the Latin language . Darmstadt 1998, § 57.
  • Julius Pokorny: Indo-European etymological dictionary. (IEW). 2 volumes. Francke Verlag, Bern / Munich, Volume I, 1959, Volume II 1969, DNB 457827068 .