Eder reaction

The Eder reaction is a chemical reaction used in astronomy. In 1880 the Austrian photochemist Josef Maria Eder (1855–1944) reported for the first time about this reaction, which allows actinometric measurements of brightness.

application

The reaction is a photochemically induced chain reaction with good energy efficiency and is therefore suitable in astronomy for measuring the brightness of stars - actinometry. In this case, mercury (II) chloride at room temperature to calomel reduced:

Alternatively, a catalyst can be used as a starter instead of light energy .

mechanism

In the Eder reaction, the mercury (II) chloride initially reacts with potassium oxalate in a ring-closing reaction. After the subsequent splitting off of CO ₂ , calomel [mercury (I) chloride] is produced as the end product:

The Eder reaction is inhibited by some substances. These include oxygen, phenol, and other inorganic chlorides. Some fluorescent substances, quinine and iron (III) chloride , on the other hand, have a sensitizing effect.

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b Zerong Wang: Comprehensive Organic Name Reactions and Reagents . John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA 2010, ISBN 978-0-470-63885-9 , pp. 952-953 , doi : 10.1002 / 9780470638859 .
↑ Josef Maria Eder: A new chemical photometer using mercury oxalate to determine the intensity of the ultraviolet rays of daylight and contributions to the photochemistry of mercury chloride . In: Reports of the German Chemical Society . tape 13 , no. 1 , 1880, p. 166–168 , doi : 10.1002 / cber.18800130150 .
↑ Shukichi Sakuraba, Shozo Ikeya: Studies on the Mechanism of Eder's Reaction. I. Inducing Photochemical Reaction of Manganese (II) Oxalate System . In: Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan . tape 30 , no. 6 , June 1, 1957, pp. 662-667 , doi : 10.1246 / bcsj.30.662 .
^ GH Cartledge: The Chain Carriers in Eder's Reaction . In: Journal of the American Chemical Society . tape 63 , no. 4 , 1941, pp. 906-912 , doi : 10.1021 / ja01849a003 .
↑ WE Roseveare: THE X-RAY PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN POTASSIUM OXALATE AND MERCURIC CHLORIDE . In: Journal of the American Chemical Society . tape 52 , no. 7 , 1930, p. 2612–2619 , doi : 10.1021 / ja01370a005 .
^ Eugene A. Hausman, Thomas W. Davis: The Radiolysis of Eder's Solutions . In: Journal of the American Chemical Society . tape 76 , no. November 21 , 1954, p. 5341–5344 , doi : 10.1021 / ja01650a021 .

↑ A. Jodlbauer, HV Tappeiner: The photochemical behavior of mercury oxalate (Eder's solution) in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of certain fluorescent substances . In: Reports of the German Chemical Society . tape 38 , no. 3 , 1905, pp. 2602–2609 , doi : 10.1002 / cber.19050380330 .

^ ^A ^b Eugene A. Hausman, Thomas W. Davis: The Radiolysis of Eder's Solutions . In: Journal of the American Chemical Society . tape 76 , no. November 21 , 1954, p. 5341–5344 , doi : 10.1021 / ja01650a021 .

[:0-1] A ^b Zerong Wang: Comprehensive Organic Name Reactions and Reagents . John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA 2010, ISBN 978-0-470-63885-9 , pp. 952-953 , doi : 10.1002 / 9780470638859 .

[2] Josef Maria Eder: A new chemical photometer using mercury oxalate to determine the intensity of the ultraviolet rays of daylight and contributions to the photochemistry of mercury chloride . In: Reports of the German Chemical Society . tape 13 , no. 1 , 1880, p. 166–168 , doi : 10.1002 / cber.18800130150 .

[3] Shukichi Sakuraba, Shozo Ikeya: Studies on the Mechanism of Eder's Reaction. I. Inducing Photochemical Reaction of Manganese (II) Oxalate System . In: Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan . tape 30 , no. 6 , June 1, 1957, pp. 662-667 , doi : 10.1246 / bcsj.30.662 .

[4] GH Cartledge: The Chain Carriers in Eder's Reaction . In: Journal of the American Chemical Society . tape 63 , no. 4 , 1941, pp. 906-912 , doi : 10.1021 / ja01849a003 .

[:1-5] WE Roseveare: THE X-RAY PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN POTASSIUM OXALATE AND MERCURIC CHLORIDE . In: Journal of the American Chemical Society . tape 52 , no. 7 , 1930, p. 2612–2619 , doi : 10.1021 / ja01370a005 .

[6] Eugene A. Hausman, Thomas W. Davis: The Radiolysis of Eder's Solutions . In: Journal of the American Chemical Society . tape 76 , no. November 21 , 1954, p. 5341–5344 , doi : 10.1021 / ja01650a021 .

[7] A. Jodlbauer, HV Tappeiner: The photochemical behavior of mercury oxalate (Eder's solution) in the absence of oxygen and in the presence of certain fluorescent substances . In: Reports of the German Chemical Society . tape 38 , no. 3 , 1905, pp. 2602–2609 , doi : 10.1002 / cber.19050380330 .

[:2-8] A ^b Eugene A. Hausman, Thomas W. Davis: The Radiolysis of Eder's Solutions . In: Journal of the American Chemical Society . tape 76 , no. November 21 , 1954, p. 5341–5344 , doi : 10.1021 / ja01650a021 .