Eclipse (virology)
An eclipse (from Greek ἔκλειψις, ekleipsis , "absence, disappearance, darkness") describes in virology the stage of virus infection after cell entry and uncoating and before replication . The name is derived from the fact that at this stage no infectious virus can be detected in the cell .
Shortly after the infection of a host cell, a virus is no longer in its infectious, particulate form ( virion ), since the viral nucleic acid has been separated from the capsid or ribonucleoprotein and possibly the virus envelope . The release of the nucleic acid is necessary for viral proteins to be made and the genome to be replicated. In the case of retroviruses , some DNA viruses (e.g. adeno-associated viruses ), and temperate phages , the DNA can be integrated into the genome of the host cell . The eclipse also includes the lysogenic cycle , if any . A latent virus can rest for a long time ( latency period ) - with reduced gene expression and replication - and only casually reactivated as a result of immune reactions, e.g. B. in herpes simplex viruses or the varicella zoster virus , or randomly, such as. B. in HIV .
The eclipse is therefore defined as the stage between the release of the viral genome after infection and the start of the assembly of new virus particles. No infectious virus particles can be detected in the cell during the eclipse. This effect was first discovered and described in bacteriophages in the 1950s .
literature
- David M. Knipe, Peter M. Howley, Diane E. Griffin (Eds.): Fields Virology . 5th edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Verlag, 2007. ISBN 978-0-7817-6060-7 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Michael Rolle: Medical Microbiology, Infection and Epidemic Studies. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2007, ISBN 3830410603 p. 81.