Eliezer ben Hyrcanus

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Eliezer ben Hurcanus gen. The Great , in the Mishnah simply Rabbi Eliezer called, was a Jewish scholar (as 320 times more). He was a student of Jochanan ben Sakkai and belonged to the Tannaites of the 2nd generation (90-130 AD).

Rabbi Elieser was put under a spell ( herem ) for objecting to the majority , but was nonetheless a leading figure and hero of legends.

He preserved traditions from the time before the temple was destroyed in AD 70 (Mischnatraktat Para ). In Aboth II., 11 it is characterized as a calcified cistern that does not lose a drop (= that forgets nothing of what has been learned and heard). And further it says about him (II., 12): If all the wise men of Israel were on one scale and Eliezer, son of Hyrcanus, on the other, he would outweigh them all (but Eleazar, son of Arach, should be even more "weighty") who is said to have weighed in one pan all the wise men of Israel plus Rabbi Eliezer in the other pan ; about this Eleazar ben Arach, one of the five most excellent students of Jochanan ben Sakkai , no further historical evidence has survived).

Rabbi Eliezer often found himself in dispute with Yehoshua ben Chananja and Aqiba (ben Josef) (who was his own student ) ( mainly because of his rejection of innovations within the halacha ). Despite his conservatism, he went far too far for the sober Ishmael in his interpretation practice, so that Ishmael called out to him: See, you say to the Scriptures: Be quiet until I explain you! (Sifra, Tazria Negaim 13.2, W. 68b).

Eliezer taught in Lydda and continued the Pharisaic tradition in Jawne . An assignment to Bet Hillel (School of Hillel ) or Bet Schammai (School of Shammai ) is not possible.

The assumption of his inclination to Christianity, which is often found in secondary literature, is without evidence in the sources.

literature

  • Moses Aberbach: Did Rabban Gamaliel II. Impose the Ban on Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus? 1963.
  • Israel Konovitz: Rabbi Eliezer - Rabbi Joshua . Collected sayings. Jerusalem 1965. [Hebrew]
  • Yitzhak D. Gilat: The Teachings of R. Eliezer ben Hyrkanos and their Position in the History of the Halakha. Tel Aviv 1968. [Hebrew]
  • Jacob Neusner : Eliezer ben Hyrcanus. The Tradition and the Man. 2 volumes, Leiden 1973.
  • Johann Maier : Jesus of Nazareth in the Talmudic tradition. Darmstadt 1978, pp. 144-160.
  • Yitzhak D. Gilat: R. Eliezer Ben Hyrcanus - a Scholar Outcast (Bar-Ilan Studies in Near Eastern Languages ​​and Culture). Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University Press 1984. ISBN 965-226-043-6

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Norman Solomon: The A to Z of Judaism , Scarecrow Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-8108-5555-7 , p. 106
personal data
SURNAME Eliezer ben Hyrcanus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES R. Elieser
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Jewish scholar
DATE OF BIRTH 1st century
DATE OF DEATH 2nd century