Shammai
Shammai , also listed as Shammai Haffakin , founder of a Pharisaic Torah school. He was the main competitor of his teacher Hillel , with whom he is counted among the Zugot . His birth and death year are not known, the sometimes read information “born around 50 BC. BC, died around 30 AD "are uncertain and unproven.
Act
Not much is known about the life of Shammai. This is mainly due to the fact that his statements are usually only passed down as a vote against his teacher Hillel. For example in the sayings of the fathers , a popular excerpt from the Mishnah . In contrast to the mild Hillel, Shammai is considered strict and irritable in religious and ethical questions. Allocation to the samaias mentioned by Flavius Josephus is controversial, since Hillel's teacher Schemaja could also be meant.
The following statement is often ascribed to him as a motto: Shammai said: Set fixed hours for your Torah ; say little, but do a lot and receive all people with a friendly face (Proverbs of the Fathers, chap. I, 15).
The extent to which the statements of Jesus of Nazareth in Mt 19.1–12 EU and Mk 10.1–12 EU on divorce can be traced back to the similar position of Shammai is not certain.
Web links
- Alexander Dubrau: Shammai. In: Michaela Bauks, Klaus Koenen, Stefan Alkier (Eds.): The Scientific Biblical Lexicon on the Internet (WiBiLex), Stuttgart 2006 ff.
- Wilhelm Bacher, Jacob Zallel Lauterbach: Shammai. In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): Jewish Encyclopedia . Funk and Wagnalls, New York 1901-1906.
- Marcus Jastrow, S. Mendelsohn: Bet Hillel and Bet Shammai. In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): Jewish Encyclopedia . Funk and Wagnalls, New York 1901-1906.
- Shammai in the Catholic Encyclopedia . Robert Appleton Company, New York 1913 (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Flavius Josephus: Antiquitates Judaicae 14,172-5; 15.3; 15,370
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Shammai |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Rabbi Shammai |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Pharisee school founder |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1st century BC Chr. |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1st century |