Excalibur
Excalibur or Caliburn is the name of the sword of the mythical King Arthur .
etymology
Excalibur , also called Caliburn (us) , could be the Latinized form of the Celtic Caledvwlch , in German "Hartscharte".
Legend
The sword Caliburn was driven through a stone or anvil by the mythical sorcerer Merlin . It was said of him that only the true future ruler could pull it out again. After numerous well-known knights and nobles had failed in this task, Arthur, the son of the English great king Uther Pendragon , managed to free the sword effortlessly, which made him the rightful king.
When Arthur had smashed the sword Caliburn in a battle, the mistress of the lake gave the young king Excalibur as a substitute to protect his kingdom. Legend has it that Excalibur gave superhuman powers to its owner, and its scabbard made anyone who carried it invulnerable. However, Arthur's half-sister Morgan LeFay stole the vagina by a trick, so that Arthur has been at risk again from injuries since then. But Excalibur remained with him.
After Arthur was killed in a battle against Mordred , he was brought to Avalon . Sir Bedivere threw Excalibur back into the lake, where the mistress of the lake accepted it again. According to legend, it should still rest there.
history
The myth does not explain the origin of the sword. However, it is believed that the legendary Excalibur is a sword of Celtic origin because Arthur is described as a Christian Celt (and never as a Roman ) and, according to legend, the sword was forged on the legendary island of Avalon. A Roman-type sword is still likely because many of the Celtic tribes of Britain were Romanized, adopting and modifying the sword shapes used by the Romans. Interestingly, the Romans had adopted their spathe- type long sword from Celtic models centuries earlier.
The legend of the sword in the stone, which is often equated with Excalibur (the sword with which Arthur, according to legend, killed his nephew in his last fight and, according to another version, his son Mordred ), is possibly due to a translation error. Early medieval scribes often left out nasals, which were instead indicated with a slash above the vowel. It is therefore possible that this sword does not come from a stone (ex saxo) but from a Saxon (ex saxone). This is also one speaking jütische forecast, after a Saxon warrior sword the miracle of the blacksmith Wieland , is said to have lost to a great British King, which was forged from Sterneneisen (see Arthurian legend ). The said sword was probably made of an iron-nickel alloy from a meteorite, which was considered to be a miraculous metal - because it fell from the sky.
The legend of the sword in the stone is underpinned by the riddle of San Galgano , which can still be seen today. In Tuscany, in the Abbey of San Galgano, there is a rock that is said to have had a sword in it since 1180.
In the 12th century, Richard the Lionheart made the Arthurian legend a tool of his propaganda , claiming that his sword was Excalibur.
Trivia
Discovered on September 29, 1973, the main belt asteroid (9499) Excalibur was named after the mythical sword.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ The sword ex saxo. In: king-artus.blogspot.de. Retrieved December 20, 2017 .