Exogenous power
In geomorphology, processes are called exogenous forces which act on the earth's surface and, together with the endogenous forces, shape the landscape. Examples of exogenous forces are wind (Aeolian Force), flowing water (Fluvial Force), ice and glaciers (Glacial Force) and seas (Marine Force). Exogenous forces act on the earth from outside.
Rock layers are eroded in humid regions by chemical weathering and in arid regions by physical weathering. Water often plays an important role here.
Chemical weathering:
- Solution weathering affects salts
- Hydration affects minerals and crystals
- Oxidation affects metals
- Chemical-biogenic weathering affects rock
Physical weathering:
- Frost weathering
- Salt blast
- Temperature weathering
- Formation of crevices due to relief (especially rock layers and rocks)
Organogenic weathering:
- through plant roots (and plant acids)
Exogenous forces cause the removal of rock material from higher to lower regions in all regions of the world. By wind and water, which mostly arises when the glacier melts or heavy rainfall, and other natural forces, the material is brought into the lower levels (valleys, sea, ...) following gravity. The material is deposited in the lower levels and thus a height compensation is achieved.
These are also called sculpture-forming forces.