Extremozymes
Extremozymes are enzymes that are often produced by extremophilic organisms, can function under extreme chemical or physical conditions and thus enable the producing organisms to adapt to extreme living conditions.
These conditions can be:
- very high or low pH ,
- very high or low temperature,
- high salinity ,
- high methane concentration,
- high hydrostatic pressure ,
- high doses of ionizing radiation,
- high concentration of destructive agents such as toxins and radiation ,
- nutrient poor environment,
- arid environment and other factors.
Enzymes that are not adapted to these extreme conditions denature . Beyond the optimum, the enzyme activity decreases and it comes to a standstill at some point. Some extremozymes, e.g. B. thermostable DNA polymerases such as Taq polymerase or Pfu polymerase are also used in practice (e.g. polymerase chain reaction ).
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ J. Eichler: Biotechnological uses of archaeal extremozymes. In: Biotechnology Advances . Volume 19, Number 4, July 2001, pp. 261-278, PMID 14538076 .
- ^ J. Ferner-Ortner-Bleckmann, N. Gelbmann, M. Tesarz, EM Egelseer, UB Sleytr: Surface-layer lattices as patterning element for multimeric extremozymes. In: Small. Volume 9, number 22, November 2013, pp. 3887-3894, doi : 10.1002 / smll.201201014 . PMID 23757161 .