Field telephone

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Field telephone of the Imperial German Army ("old style" army telephone, model 1905)
German soldiers building lines in the First World War
Simple switching center (1985)

A field telephone is a special telephone set that is designed according to the requirements of use under military conditions.

In 1879 Wilhelm Emil Fein received a patent for a telephone with a horseshoe magnet and in 1885 another for a military field telephone - this is considered to be the world's first portable telephone. In Germany the first were army telephones 1905-1918 in the army used.

The army telephone consisted of a metallic telephone receiver with a buzzer , buzzer button and loudspeaker button . In addition to the voice connection, signals could also be transmitted using Morse code . To call on the move , an additional head Fernhörer could be connected. The army telephone (in a leather-covered tin case) was carried on the back together with the battery and the cable pouch. The signal transmission was single-core to earth . The transmitted speech signals could be overheard by enemies via the variations in the earth potential.

From 1916 the box-shaped construction, which was then in use for a long time, appeared. The FF 16 Type B from Siemens & Halske already contained a buzzer, a powerful local battery , a crank inductor and telephone receiver in a wooden case. In later constructions, the wooden box was replaced by Bakelite (e.g. type SF 882) or metal (type OB-ZB 38) or other plastics.

A new field telephone with the designation FF-OB / ZB (field telephone, local battery / central battery operation) was procured for the Bundeswehr in the early 1960s. Standard Elektrik Lorenz (SEL) was entrusted with the development ; The field telephones were also produced by other companies such as the Deutsche Fernsprecher Gesellschaft mbH (DFG). The device consists of a plastic box with a flap under which the connections, the handset and other accessories are housed. Use is regulated by TDv 5805/006. As a direct accessory, there is a plug-in dialing add-on that allows operation on an exchange line or on a private branch exchange. A switch for ten subscribers and an office add-on for switching are available as additional accessories, whereby up to three 10-party switches can be combined to form a 30-party switch. With the advent of digital technology in the 1990s, a dial-up telephone with a modem connection was procured from the Krone company. This field telephone was operated in the " Autoko 90 " system and mainly used by units responsible for radio links. Because of the high mobility that is required of military units today, and because of the high cost of building field cables , the field telephone is increasingly being replaced by radio technology.

In the jargon of the German Federal Armed Forces , the field telephone is also unofficially referred to using the term Ackerschnacker , which is based on the Low German language .

In the civil sector, the field telephone is still used at major events and major incidents at the fire brigade, THW and private services.

See also

literature

  • Gerhard Bayer, Ulrich Cimolino, Siegfried Schneider, Andreas Schweigger: Communication in action: planning, organization and technology. ecomed Sicherheit, 2008, ISBN 978-3-609-68431-4 , p. 79 ff.
  • Military regulation H.Dv. 95 / 18a "Der Feldfernsprecher" from December 5, 1930

Web links

Commons : field telephone  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Markus G. Kuhn: Eavesdropping attacks on computer displays Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge
  2. ↑ Ackerschnacker. In: The Low German Dictionary. Norddeutscher Rundfunk, accessed on January 17, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Bundeswehr Lexikon light. In: The Immoral One. Markus Gansel, accessed on November 4, 2019 .