Flat goods storage
Flat goods stores or sheet metal stores are manual or automatic systems for the storage and / or provision of piece goods with a large length and width and relatively small thickness. Flat goods stores are often used in the field of prefabrication and differ from other piece goods stores in terms of dimensions and payload due to the generally large-format expansion of the stored goods. Flat goods can be stored horizontally as well as upright, whereby in practice horizontal storage is preferred for small material thicknesses. When storing bulky goods, long goods stores also play an important role in addition to flat goods stores .
Storage types
Floor storage
In the case of floor storage, the stored goods are stored next to and / or one above the other on the floor. Depending on the arrangement of the material or storage aids, line or block storage facilities can be created. In the floor storage can be between the surface storage , the Runge storage and Stapeljochlagerung be distinguished.
Area storage
The simplest, most space-saving and quickest accessible form of storage of flat goods is flat storage, in which the flat goods are stored lying on the floor. In such cases, packages or individual panels are stacked on top of one another. The separation of the material e.g. B. according to types or batches is done in packages by squared timber, in the case of individual panels without separation directly on top of one another. Plates can be stored normally or chaotically. In the case of chaotic storage processes, the storage is managed by software according to the criteria of "oldest disk" or "fastest access". The inventor of the chaotic warehouse for panels was Dipl.-Ing. Manfred Riesenberg, who at that time delivered the first system to a shopfitter and is still one of the market leaders today. Two years later, these warehouses were already connected ONLINE with processing machines or IT departments, so that the retrieval commands came directly from the software of the processing machine or the user. Systems of this type work fully automatically and mostly also overnight in a " ghost shift ".
The various generations of computers made the systems more intelligent.
The historical computer career for chaotic warehouses was: Z80, Commodore, OS / 2, Windows.
Pillar bearing
Typically, vertical frames are attached to the floor for stanchion storage , between which the sheets are placed. The removal is usually done manually or by a crane that grips a single sheet of metal with pliers. The disadvantage of this type of storage is the possible material damage caused by the handling process when the sheets are stored and removed. Compared to surface storage, this form of floor storage requires less space.
Stacking yoke bearing
In a stacking yoke storage system, the flat goods are stored in stacking units , the so-called yokes. The material lies in at least two yokes and is moved manually by crane on a transport traverse. Several pairs of yokes are stacked on top of each other to improve the use of space. Stacking the yokes on top of one another means that there is no direct access to the stored goods or that time-consuming restacking of the material is necessary in order to gain access to the desired material. Stacking yoke systems usually work according to the LIFO principle (Last In - First Out) in order to keep the number of restacking processes low. In order to make the necessary restacking processes as efficient as possible, so-called multiple transport traverses can be used. Special gripper arms enable several yoke layers to be re-stacked per cycle, which significantly shortens access times. No additional energy is required for the purely mechanical gripper function of the multiple transport traverse, only the lifting and lowering movements of the crane are used for engaging and disengaging. A higher degree of automation can be achieved through the use of an automatic crane which manipulates the yoke according to a specified order sequence.
Shelf storage
Shelf storage facilities use a fixed shelf construction to hold the storage units, which holds self-supporting material and non-self-supporting material by means of so-called pallets as storage aids. The shelf storage inevitably requires the use of a means of transport that carries out the storage / retrieval of the storage units. With the rack storage technology, both simple manual and highly dynamic, fully automatic storage systems can be developed. Based on the constructive structure
- Tower bearings ,
- Honeycomb bearings and
- Distinguished longitudinal bearings .
Drawer shelf storage
Drawer shelves are storage shelves with pull-out shelves (storage levels) in which the stored goods are stored and retrieved vertically.
The function of vertical operation enables the use of crane technology, which is why drawer shelves are mainly used for heavy storage goods. Due to the dense, vertical arrangement of a large number of drawers, access to max. 2 m working height possible in quick changes. This is why drawer shelves are particularly popular as sheet metal storage facilities on sheet metal processing machines in which a frequent change of types within a large sheet metal range and small batch sizes is common. Instead of the drawers, the system can alternatively be equipped with change trolleys for removable sheet metal storage system pallets with the same capacity .
The use for long goods storage is another variant of the drawer shelves. The depth of the individual drawers is subdivided into compartments by means of plug-in separating mandrels, which accommodate the mostly small numbers of rods, profiles and tubes in a particularly large variety of types. Depending on the mass of the stored goods, handling is carried out manually or by crane.
Thanks to the extensive design options for the drawers of a drawer shelf, there are practically no limits to the volume of crane-supported goods. Further examples of the versatility of drawer shelves are the roller storage and the roller handling in individually adapted receptacle prisms.
Tower bearing
A tower storage system consists of a one- or two-row shelf construction with a storage and retrieval unit (running inside in the two-row version) directly attached. Supports are attached to the uprights to accommodate self-supporting system pallets. The storage / retrieval of the pallets is carried out by the storage and retrieval unit, which brings the pallets to a storage / retrieval point with the help of a rope, chain or rack and pinion hoist. Flat goods (sheet metal) have a standard dimension of 3,048 mm × 1,524 mm (L × W).
Honeycomb bearings
Honeycomb rack storage systems for flat goods are storage systems in which the material is arranged next to one another on pallets in a rack block arranged like a honeycomb. Access is via a storage and retrieval unit that moves horizontally, vertically and also diagonally in front of the honeycomb shelf. The possibility of diagonal travel in front of the rack block and direct access to each individual pallet results in a high storage and retrieval performance. Honeycomb storage systems work i. d. Usually based on the "goods to man" principle, but manual systems based on the "man to goods" principle are also conceivable with low turnover rates. With a large assortment and / or high turnover, an automated storage system is essential. With two honeycomb shelves facing each other, optimal use of space and space is achieved. The removal station is of particular importance due to the comparatively large dimensions of the sheets and the often easily damaged surfaces. When storing and retrieving fine, non-ferrous or stainless steel sheets, vacuum crossbars are often used.
Longitudinal bearing
Longitudinal storage systems are suitable for order picking in the steel trade and for connecting sheet metal processing machines or as a logistics center for storing lattice boxes, tools and other materials in manufacturing plants. From a storage volume of around 100 storage spaces, the longitudinal storage can be used as a single or double-sided storage system. The system can be designed on one or both sides with a system height of up to approx. 25 m. The storage system offers different load carrier sizes for sheet metal, transport pallets and flat loads, which can also be combined.
The storage and retrieval machine is usually equipped as a two-mast system for dynamic movements with the manufacturer's own drive and control technology. A push-pull technique is used to manipulate pallets. The steel structure can be put together in a modular way from individual ladders - optionally also supporting the building. Depending on the task, different station types with weighing equipment, excavation, scissor lift, rotating device or buffer locations are used to quickly provide the sheets to laser, punching or combination machines.
Purposes
Picking warehouse
"If partial quantities are removed from a total amount [...] provided in a warehouse according to specified requirements information and combined into an order, the warehouse is called a picking warehouse ." Flat goods picking warehouses are often required in the steel, wood or plastic trade. As a rule, very powerful, highly automated storage systems with a high throughput are used. They can be designed as longitudinal bearings or honeycomb bearings .
Production warehouse
The task of a production warehouse is to buffer raw material and / or processed material for production, both the space / time bridging between the incoming goods and the use of the material as well as between the subsequent production steps. A production warehouse is primarily used to avoid interruptions in production due to a lack of input material and to absorb fluctuations in the utilization of production. The automatic material supply in front of the machine can minimize the search times and increase the utilization of the machine.
Depending on the size and organization of the production, all types of sheet metal storage are used. Honeycomb bearings are only used in exceptional cases, such as B. for very large storage systems or oversized sheets.
Provider of flat goods storage
| providers | country | since |
|---|---|---|
| Bonnema warehouse technology | Germany | 1992 |
| storemaster GmbH & Co. KG | Germany | 1967 |
| Stopa Anlagenbau GmbH | Germany | 1974 |
More literature on the topic
- Spath, Dieter: Sawing and Storage of Metal, Library of Technology , Volume 27, ISBN 3-478-93027-8 , Verlag modern industry, Landsberg / Lech, 1990.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ See Prof. Dr.-Ing. Artur Bolbrinker (2007): Textbook: Stahl-Logistik , Union Betriebs-GmbH, Rheinbach, p. 161.
- ↑ Brochure: UNILINE: Longitudinal storage systems for effective material supply to processing machines and for order picking. Kasto Maschinenbau GmbH, Konkordia, Bühl, 2007.
- ↑ http://www.industrieanzeiger.de/themen/-/article/12503/15988154/ ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Martin, Heinrich: Transport and warehouse logistics, planning, construction and control of transport and storage systems , ISBN 3-528-14941-8 , Verlag Vieweg, Braunschweig, Wiesbaden, 1998, page 273.
- ↑ Bonnema storage technology. Retrieved January 15, 2019 .
- ↑ storemaster GmbH & Co.KG. Retrieved October 11, 2018 .
- ↑ STOPA Anlagenbau GmbH. Retrieved October 11, 2017 .
