Inflectional ending
As inflective (also: Flexionssuffix ) is defined as the extension of a flexed ( conjugated or deklinierten ) form of a word. With nouns , inflectional endings usually indicate the case , with verbs tense , mode and person .
Differences in different types of languages
In inflected languages , the inflectional endings often indicate the context of the individual parts of the sentence . In contrast to agglutinating languages , inflected forms in the inflected languages usually combine different grammatical properties in one ending, while in agglutinating languages there is usually a separate inflection element for each grammatical property. For example, nouns in German are usually given case and number with one inflection element, but in Finnish with two separate inflection elements.
Examples
In the following, the inflected forms are shown in italics .
The German is an inflected language. Example of a noun: The friend .
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | d he friend * | d ie friend e |
| Genitive | d it friend it | d he friend e |
| dative | d em friend e | d s friend s |
| accusative | d s friend * | d ie friend e |
The forms marked with * have no specific ending.
Example of a verb: to love .
- i love e
- you loved st
- he / she / it love t
- we love en
- her loving t
- they love en
Latin is also an inflectional language. Example: amicus - the friend.
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | amic us | amic i |
| Genitive | amic i | amic orum |
| dative | amic o | amic is |
| accusative | amic around | amic os |
| ablative | amic o | amic is |
| vocative | amic e | amic i |
It is the same in ancient Greek . Example: ὁ φίλος - ho philos - the friend.
| Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ho phil os | ὁ φίλ ος | hoi phil oi | οἱ φίλ οι |
| Genitive | tou phil ou | τοῦ φίλ ου | tōn phil ōn | τῶν φίλ ων |
| dative | tōj phil ōj | τῷ φίλ ῳ | tois phil ois | τοῖς φίλ οις |
| accusative | sound phil on | τὸν φίλ ον | tous phil ous | τοὺς φίλ ους |
| vocative | ō phil e | ὦ φίλ ε | ō phil oi | ὦ φίλ οι |
