Flibustier
As filibusters or filibuster (dt. Privateers ) in the narrow sense that are privateer which have in the golden age of piracy in the 17th and early 18th century Caribbean acted on behalf of France. The pirates who were simultaneously in English service there are known as buccaneers . Pirates are to be distinguished from pirates because they were hired by a government to carry out their acts of violence. Well-known Flibustiers included Michel d'Artigue , Sieur de Bournano , Pierre Bart , Jean du Casse , Alexandre Exquemelin , Laurens de Graff , Pierre le Grand , Sieur de Grammont , Jean-David Nau and François le Sage .
The terms flibustier and buccaneer are sometimes used for buccaneers in general.
etymology
The French word flibustier is a conversion of the co- lingual word fribustier , which is a direct or indirect derivation via the English word freebooter from the Dutch word vrijbuiter , from which the German word Freibeuter is derived. As a free booter or vrijbuiter a soldier is referred to, instead of a regular Olds for prey (eng. Booty ; ndl. Buit ) is used. It is unclear whether the conversion to flibustier was influenced by the Dutch word vlieboot (term for small sailing ships with shallow drafts , originally in service off Vlieland ), either directly - or indirectly via the Spanish word filibote or the English word flyboat .
In filibuster is the English word form (perhaps indirectly derived from the Spanish word filibustero ). Filibuster referred to from 1851 American mercenaries and adventurers who invaded a number of Latin American countries in the middle of the 19th century in order to attain power and wealth through revolutions and raids. Nowadays, the term also describes a political tactic to block parliamentary decisions through marathon speeches, see Filibuster .
literature
- Cruz Apestegui: Pirates in the Caribbean: Corsairs - Filibusters - Buccaneers . Delius Klasing, 2001, ISBN 978-3768813013 .
- Paul Butel: Les Caraïbes au temps des flibustiers, XVI-XVII siècles. Aubier Montaigne, 1982, ISBN 978-2700702873 .
- Jon Latimer: Buccaneers of the Caribbean: How Piracy Forged an Empire . Harvard Univ. Pr., 2009, ISBN 978-0674034037 .
- Benerson Little: The Buccaneer's Realm: Pirate Life on the Spanish Main, 1674-1688 . Potomac Books, 2008, ISBN 978-1597971010 .
- Benerson Little: The Sea Rover's Practice: Pirate Tactics and Techniques, 1630-1730 . Potomac Books, 2007, ISBN 978-1574889116 .
- Jean-Pierre Moreau: Pirates: Flibustes et piraterie dans la Caraïbe et les mers du sud (1522-1725) . Editions Tallandier, 2006, ISBN 978-2847342291 .
- Peter Wood: The Spanish Main . Time Life Books, 1979, ISBN 978-0705406291 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Angus Konstam: Scourge of the seas. Buccaneers, Pirates and Privateers. P. 6.
- ^ Piracy and Maritime Crime - Historical and Modern Case Studies. P. 4.
- ^ Angus Konstam: Scourge of the seas. Buccaneers, Pirates and Privateers. P. 9.
- ↑ James A. Wombwell: The Long War Against Piracy: Historical Trends. P. 3.
- ^ Jon Latimer: Buccaneers of the Caribbean. P. 75.
- ^ David F. Marley: Pirates of the Americas. Volume 1: 1650-1685. P. 140.
- ^ Jon Latimer: Buccaneers of the Caribbean. Pp. 3-4.
- ↑ Boris Paraschkewow: Words and names of the same origin and structure. Lexicon of eytomological duplicates in German . De Gruyter, 2004. pp. 108-109.
- ^ Rodolphe Durand & Jean-Phillippe Vergne: The Pirate Organization: Lessons from the Fringes of Capitalism. P. 60.
- ^ Angus Konstam: Scourge of the seas. Buccaneers, Pirates and Privateers. P. 6.
- ^ Jon Latimer: Buccaneers of the Caribbean. P. 75.
- ^ David F. Marley: Pirates of the Americas. Volume 1: 1650-1685. Pp. 140-141.
- Jump up ↑ JS Bromley: Corsairs and Navies 1660-1760. Pp. 5-6.
- ^ Entry filibuster in the online edition of the Merriam-Webster (accessed March 31, 2017).
- ↑ Boris Paraschkewow: Words and names of the same origin and structure. Lexicon of eytomological duplicates in German . P. 109.
- ^ David F. Marley: Pirates of the Americas. Volume 1: 1650-1685. P. 141.