Freehand attempt
A freehand experiment is a qualitative experiment with an affective effect (i.e. an experiment with imprecise results that arouses astonishment), which is also characterized as follows:
- The most important component of the freehand experiment is the hand , it is the main tool.
- All other materials and objects used are commonplace. This means that they are easy to obtain from our immediate everyday life or field of experience and, with regard to their use, are simple, simple and inexpensive or can continue to be used.
- The experimental setup is straightforward and clear.
- A freehand experiment is quick and easy to carry out and requires only a minimum of manual skill.
- In addition, the ease of implementation and its short implementation time are characteristic of freehand experiments.
Due to these properties, free-hand experiments are ideally suited for use in schools , among other things , as they can be used as a supplement to experiments and as an alternative for substitute teaching as well as for starting or ending a series of lessons (see research-based teaching ).
Instead of free-hand experiments, one also speaks of free-hand experiments. However, since experiments in the classical understanding are more used to examine hypotheses and prognoses , freehand experiments are more like research experiments . Although freehand attempts are often laughed at, Albert Einstein had already dealt with a freehand attempt to explain the behavior of a tea leaf in a tea cup.
history
The term free hand experiment comes from the high school professor Bernhard Schwalbe, director of the Dorotheen Realgymnasium Berlin. In 1890 he described them as attempts
"Which can be employed by anyone at almost no cost and are suitable for explaining certain laws or demonstrating certain properties of the body."
After his death, Schwalbe's experiments were published by Hermann Hahn in the three-volume work Physikalische Freihandexperimente using his estate . The oldest German collection of free-hand experiments was made by Daniel Schwenter in 1636.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ernst Peter Fischer: The omnipotence of the BLUR. Focus , December 27, 1999, accessed January 26, 2011 .
- ^ A b H. Joachim Schlichting: Freihandversuche. Problems and possibilities of experimental minimal tests . In: Physics in School . tape 34 , no. 4 , 1996, pp. 141-146 .
- ↑ David Auer: Physical freehand experiments from optics . (Diploma thesis Graz University of Technology, Institute for Experimental Physics). 2005.
- ↑ DNB link
literature
- H. Joachim Schlichting: Hands-on, low-cost, freehand - experiments between everyday life and physics lessons. In: Physics in School. 38th Jg. (2000), H. 4, pp. 255-259
- Helmut Hilscher [ed.]; with the collaboration of: C. Berthold, D. Binzer, G. Braam, J. Haubrich, M. Herfert, H. Hilscher, J. Kraus, Ch. Möller: Physikalische Freihandexperimente. Cologne (Aulis-Verl. Deubner) 2004. (Work in 2 volumes with CD-ROM)