Free pen
A free pen (temporary loan on revocation) was a form of feudalism in the Middle Ages .
Legal regulations and their historical development
With the free pen, the landlord was allowed to donate the admitted farmers annually , ie to terminate the fief of the farmer from year to year and to take the farm away from the farmer and use it for other purposes. Since this practice, however, often to the detriment of the affected landlords, for example, if the population had declined by famine, war or disease, this practice did not last long and was Schupflehen or leasehold replaced, such. B. in the whole of Tyrol by the regional order of 1532. The farmer was at the mercy of an arbitrary increase in taxes. If the tenant died, his son could receive the fief again, but had to pay the so-called honor (up to 5% of the real value), from which the inheritance tax later arose. At the same time, the former body tax or poll tax was passed on to the estate, so that although the characteristic of serfdom was soon lost, the landlord or feudal lord could turn the tax screw at will through ordinary and extraordinary taxes.
The tenant could also sell his property with the consent of the landlord, but only the real estate and the possible income. The new “tenant” now had to pay the instructions that corresponded to the value of the honor . Anleit (also Anleite ) is a medieval legal term for "the instruction of an authorized person in the possession of a piece of land, a farm, a town house or other property". Therefore is Anleit "the transfer of a manorial goods to the neuaufziehenden for basic Holden " and for this fee to be paid.
literature
- Herbert Klein: The peasant loans in the ore monastery of Salzburg . In: Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Salzburger Landeskunde , vol. 69 (1929), pp. 145–168.
Footnotes
- ^ Wilhelm Volkert : Nobility to guild. A lexicon of the Middle Ages . CH Beck, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-406-35499-8 , p. 18.
- ^ Wilhelm Volkert: Nobility to guild. A lexicon of the Middle Ages . CH Beck, Munich 1991, p. 19.