Joint sand

Jointing sand is used for grouting of plate and paved surfaces . It prevents the pavement from shifting by absorbing the horizontal forces that arise when driving on it. Joint sand must therefore consist of pressure-resistant material. Frequently, quartz sand or sand from granite used in any case of breakage or Quetschsand . Round-grain sands, such as those found in sediment deposits and used in the production of plastering mortar , do not solidify. When laying natural stone paving, spaces are often left between the stones in order to achieve an even joint pattern. The joints compensate for deviations in shape and dimensions and, if necessary, the conicity of the paving stones. Small-format paving stones, clinker bricks and concrete stones are also laid “crunchy” (butting against one another). In this case, too, the surface is swept away with sand in order to fill any remaining joints as well as joints that arise after the laying and use of the covering.

In the interior, sand grouting can be used for garages, cellars and utility rooms.

The grouting of pavement with joint sand has been practiced since ancient times and results in a robust floor covering outdoors, which can compensate for thermal expansion and subsidence in the subsoil to a certain extent. Filling with a stiff cement mortar, on the other hand, requires the creation of expansion joints in the covering, in order to avoid cracking and warping.

Unsolidified joint sand can be washed out of wide joints, especially when laying on a slope. Clay -containing Sandverfugungen are more stable as long as they remain moist soil. For higher loads, binders such as cement or epoxy resin can be added in small doses to the sand in order to achieve a certain level of consolidation without making the pavement-joint bond too rigid. The pore size and thus the water permeability can be retained with a low proportion of binder (see also: Infiltration areas ) . Synthetic resins are more elastic than cement, but they are also more expensive. Polymer-bonded grout are commercially available as ready-mixes. Even asphalt (bitumen bound sand) can be used, but only to bring in wide joints.

In the joint sand, harmless joint vegetation of moss and herbs usually develops . The use of herbicides is prohibited on paved areas and violations of the ban may result in fines. Salt and vinegar must also not be used to control weeds on paved surfaces. Weed-inhibiting joint sand is made from oven-dried, nutrient-poor minerals with a naturally high pH.

Loose grouting outdoors must be sanded regularly. The compression can essentially take place automatically under load, but can also be done by knocking or mechanical shaking, as is the case with the initial installation.

In the event of extensive flooding or deposits of soil or other fine materials, the joint sand should be replaced if necessary, as fine particles bind moisture, which leads to freezing in winter. A sand-jointed paving can then remain functional for decades or even centuries, as Roman roads show , for example .

Bound and unbound pavement construction

Floating paving with water-permeable sand grouting drains part of the surface water through the joints into the substructure. Loosely laid pavement will set itself to a certain extent as long as the stones remain neatly in the bandage. Repairs can easily be made. Paving stones can be reused many times.

If the substructure is made of concrete or tightly laid clinker bricks, a sealing joint compound should be used so that there is no build-up of water under the pavement, which could cause frost to attack

Sand grouting is the most useful material for high-heeled floors (wooden paving).

Depending on the paving material, the design of the paving bed and the jointing vary.

Standards and guidelines, literature

See in the article paving (covering) - the grouting is mostly regulated in the relevant standards and dealt with in the specialist literature.

Individual evidence

↑ cf. for example in an early textbook: Der Dammsetzer. XCV. in Friedrich Ludwig Walter: Attempt of a system of the cameral sciences. Third part: technology. Verlag Georg Friedrich Heyer, Giessen 1796, there § 819, p. 308 f ( Google eBook, complete view );
See also history in the article Pflasterer .
↑ The use of cement-bound road pavement dates back to the time when asphalt began to displace all other road surfaces, namely with the advent of the car at the end of the 19th century. Quote from Rolf Mörchen: The development of the Rhenish stone road construction with special consideration of the last hundred years. Cologne 1936, p. 69 ( limited preview in the Google book search): “… that the only disadvantage that had previously stuck to the small pavement - that the rubber tires of the vehicles were sucked out of the spaces or joints between the stones, which were previously filled with sand - no longer exists , since the road construction trade has switched to a pavement sealed with cement instead of loose joint sand. "
↑ The joint vegetation can reduce the heating of sealed surfaces and improve the microclimate in large cities. If it is to be removed anyway, it can be scorched with a flame or killed by electrical or microwave treatment or by steaming it with superheated steam. As a preventive measure, the joints can be sealed with wax, resin or cement. Poison can not only damage the surrounding vegetation, but also get into the groundwater through seepage.
↑ Non-chemical methods of weed control on paved areas
↑ Salt and vinegar: Prohibited as weed killers? , heim.de
^ Patent specification: Weed control in joints of concrete block and other paving stone. 2010, accessed on July 10, 2015 .
↑ Lay the pavers properly . Tip on pflasterziegel.de
↑ Lothar Schaible: Frost and exchange damage to traffic routes and their control. Verlag Ernst & Sohn, 1957, p. 47 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
↑ From a technical point of view, paving embedded in solid concrete is a pure concrete ceiling with decorative elements, which means that the substructure must be completely load-bearing and correspondingly deep and strong, and then shares the advantages and disadvantages of the solid concrete ceiling. At the end of their service life, concrete ceilings must be renewed right down to the bed. Since the paving usually cannot be separated cleanly from the concrete, the stones can usually no longer be reused.
↑ Sönke Borgwardt: Planning and execution of concrete paving: basic use and the latest developments for use in special areas. Volume 524 from Kontakt & Studium , expert verlag, 1998, Section 4.11.1 Typical Defects , p. 101 ( limited preview in Google book search).

[Geschichte-1] . for example in an early textbook: Der Dammsetzer. XCV. in Friedrich Ludwig Walter: Attempt of a system of the cameral sciences. Third part: technology. Verlag Georg Friedrich Heyer, Giessen 1796, there § 819, p. 308 f ( Google eBook, complete view );
See also history in the article Pflasterer .

[2] The use of cement-bound road pavement dates back to the time when asphalt began to displace all other road surfaces, namely with the advent of the car at the end of the 19th century. Quote from Rolf Mörchen: The development of the Rhenish stone road construction with special consideration of the last hundred years. Cologne 1936, p. 69 ( limited preview in the Google book search): “… that the only disadvantage that had previously stuck to the small pavement - that the rubber tires of the vehicles were sucked out of the spaces or joints between the stones, which were previously filled with sand - no longer exists , since the road construction trade has switched to a pavement sealed with cement instead of loose joint sand. "

[3] The joint vegetation can reduce the heating of sealed surfaces and improve the microclimate in large cities. If it is to be removed anyway, it can be scorched with a flame or killed by electrical or microwave treatment or by steaming it with superheated steam. As a preventive measure, the joints can be sealed with wax, resin or cement. Poison can not only damage the surrounding vegetation, but also get into the groundwater through seepage.

[4] Non-chemical methods of weed control on paved areas

[5] Salt and vinegar: Prohibited as weed killers? , heim.de

[6] Patent specification: Weed control in joints of concrete block and other paving stone. 2010, accessed on July 10, 2015 .

[7] Lay the pavers properly . Tip on pflasterziegel.de

[8] Lothar Schaible: Frost and exchange damage to traffic routes and their control. Verlag Ernst & Sohn, 1957, p. 47 ( limited preview in the Google book search).

[9] From a technical point of view, paving embedded in solid concrete is a pure concrete ceiling with decorative elements, which means that the substructure must be completely load-bearing and correspondingly deep and strong, and then shares the advantages and disadvantages of the solid concrete ceiling. At the end of their service life, concrete ceilings must be renewed right down to the bed. Since the paving usually cannot be separated cleanly from the concrete, the stones can usually no longer be reused.

[10] Sönke Borgwardt: Planning and execution of concrete paving: basic use and the latest developments for use in special areas. Volume 524 from Kontakt & Studium , expert verlag, 1998, Section 4.11.1 Typical Defects , p. 101 ( limited preview in Google book search).