Stratum (archeology)

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Straten recognizable in the profile of an archaeological excavation
Original layers from the rescue excavation of the Opéra car park at the Kleiner Hafner in Zurich with cultural layers (dark) and lake deposits made of sea chalk (light)

As a stratum ( the stratum , nominative plural actually Strata , Germanized Straten ), also horizon (to the horizon, "horizontal horizon ") is a self-contained, usually irregularly horizontal cultural layer in the excavation technique.

Basics

The strata is divided into "deaf layers" and event horizons , which mark the cuts in historical development, and "find horizons", ie the layers that contain archaeological finds .

The dating means of the strata is the art of chronological stratigraphy , which in their working area next to historical aspects geological and pedological comprises.

Strate excavation

During a stratigraphic excavation (also: strata excavation), the natural and cultural layers (strata) are removed according to their actual thickness. This method differs fundamentally from planar excavation , in which the aim is to achieve a surface ( planum ) that runs horizontally as uniformly as possible without taking into account the course of the cultivated layers .

The stratigraphic method has the advantage that closed cultural layers can be precisely removed with it and the found material obtained in this way can be precisely assigned. The disadvantage is the significantly higher expenditure of time compared to the subgrade method.

See also

literature

  • Jörg Biel: Handbook of excavation technology . Society for Prehistory and Early History, Stuttgart 1994.
  • Rolf d'Aujourd'hui (Ed.): Archeology in Basel. Organization and working methods. Script for the "excavation technique". Verlag Archäologische Bodenforschung Basel-Stadt, Basel 1989, ISBN 3-905098-06-7 .
  • Egon Gersbach: excavation today. Theiss, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8062-1379-8 .
  • Grabung eV (Hrsg.): Excavation dictionary. Schloemer, Düren 1998.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Soil science field methods in archeology (soil type and color). Extract from: www .grabung – ev. de, GRABUNG eV Association for excavation technology, archeology, soil conservation and neighboring area. First published in GRABUNG aktuell 14, 2002, accessed on April 15, 2018 [1]