Garnier (shipping)

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Plastic sheeting and boards in a refrigerated ship hold

Under Garnier ( English dunnage ) is understood in shipping the material which is used in the stowing and separating the cargo in the hold. The use of Garnier is intended to protect the cargo (especially general cargo) from all types of mechanical damage or damage caused by cargo hold moisture.

The main component of the garnier is usually dunnage in planks, which is used to keep the floor lining or tank ceiling , the hold decks , parts of the hold sides and hold supports away from the cargo being stowed. Depending on the type of load and the design of the hold, burlap webs (Rappeltuch), sturdy cardboard or plastic are used instead for some loads.

application

Depending on the application, a distinction is made between bottom garnier, side garnier and top garnier. Boden-Garnier has the task of draining sweat water and other liquids to the bilges or wells while at the same time protecting the goods and protecting the cargo from moisture and dirt on decks or flooring. If necessary, a floor garnier consists of dunnage lying parallel to each other, which is laid by trimming or jumping in the fore-and-aft direction due to the generally existing slope . The distances depend on the cargo packaging. These distances may only be so large that the goods are not pressed into the gaps by the stack pressure and that no excessive bending moment acts on them. For sensitive goods and extremely unfavorable nature of the cargo space floor, the height of Garnier by a second offset ninety degrees location dunnage is added, called cross Garnier . The dunnage is still covered with paper, rice straw mats or jute strips. The mats provide protection against moisture, dirt and mechanical damage, and oil paper against dirt and moisture. Plain paper in different thicknesses only offers protection against soiling. Seiten-Garnier protects the cargo from mechanical damage to ship parts such as frames and contact with metal parts on which condensation could form, as well as from possibly soiled ship parts. Mats made of various natural and artificial materials are used. As the welding staves are almost always present, there is usually no need for a side garnish. Topp-Garnier protects the load from dripping condensation water or falling dirt. For this purpose, the cargo is covered with various mats and / or paper webs. Mats made from natural materials, such as rice straw mats and palm mesh mats, have proven their worth due to their fiber structure, as they can absorb condensation water and release it again through evaporation.

With the replacement of general cargo ships by container ships , the use of Garnier has largely become obsolete.

literature

  • Ernst Wagner: Deck work. A manual for seafarers . 6th edition. Verlag Hammerich & Lesser, 6th edition, chap .: Loading work, pp. 176–177, Hamburg 1959, DNB 455339031 .
  • Voss, Buchholz, Willms: Cargo service - part 1 and 2 . Maritime School of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, edition 1962.
  • J. Bes: Chartering and Shipping Terms . Manual for tramp and liner shipping. 2nd Edition. Uitgeverij C. De Boer Jr., Hilversum 1968.
  • K. Schwitalla, U. Scharnow: Lexicon of seafaring . Born in 1988, transpress VEB Verlag für Verkehrwesen Berlin, ISBN 3-344-00190-6 .