Gas torch

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Refinery gas flare
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A gas flare is a device for the targeted flaring of flammable gases that are not used energetically or materially. Gas flares are often installed when discontinuous large quantities of these gases are to be expected, as can be the case, for example, during start-up and shutdown processes and operational malfunctions. With gas flares, the organic carbon contained in the exhaust gas can be reduced by 99.9%. Air-polluting and possibly climate-affecting exhaust gas components are converted into the less environmentally and climate-damaging carbon dioxide through combustion.

construction

In addition to the actual burner, the essential components of a gas flare are pipelines and a supporting structure. Torches can also be equipped with a torch hat. For safety reasons, flare operation includes safety devices against flashback and lack of gas as well as a quick-closing valve. Many torches are equipped with an automatic ignition so that an automated torch operation is made possible by means of ignition electrodes and sensor control. If a torch operation with natural draft is not possible, a gas delivery device is also necessary.

Areas of application

Embodiment of a landfill gas flare as a ground flare
Elevated flare at the Sabah Oil and Gas Terminal in Kimanis

For gas quantities up to around 100 t / h, gas flares are designed as bottom flares, for larger gas quantities up to around 1000 t / h, high flares are used. For high flares, the flare head is generally approximately 60 to 100 meters above the ground.

  • In biogas production , gas flares serve as so-called emergency flares to burn biogas quantities that cannot be used or stored. Emergency flares must be able to safely dispose of the full amount of gas that occurs. When processing biogas to biomethane , faulty processing batches must also be disposed of using a flare.
  • In the chemical industry , flares are usually used for the safe removal of flammable gases that do not occur continuously. It is often used as a high flare.
  • The aim of flaring landfill gas is on the one hand to prevent the occurrence of explosive gas mixtures in the landfill body or in the vicinity of a landfill. On the other hand, the emission of climate-damaging methane should be reduced. With so-called high-temperature flares it is possible to maintain the residence time of at least 0.3 s in the combustion zone, which is at least 1000 ° C, required by TA Luft . In the course of decreasing gas quality with methane contents below 25%, structurally optimized high-temperature flares are often used on landfills and so-called lean gas flares below approx. 12%. A variant for operation between 12 and 25% methane is the mixing zone of air and fuel gas to be spatially separated from the combustion zone by a fabric. Below 12% methane, autothermal operation is achieved by preheating the combustion air and / or gas.
  • When oil production spontaneous increased gas volume can be recorded. For safety reasons, a torch is therefore operated continuously.
  • The so-called cold flares used in mining operations are used exclusively to specifically discharge the methane contained in the mine gas . The gas is not oxidized. If the mine gas ignites, devices in the torch head ensure that the flames are extinguished.
  • In the same way as biogas, the sewage gas produced in sewage treatment plants is used. If recycling or storage is not possible, secure disposal must be ensured by operating a gas flare.
  • Gas flares are used as a safety device in oil refineries . In the event of malfunctions in the rectification columns, gaseous intermediate products are flared off in a controlled manner.
  • In the case of thermal exhaust gas cleaning , exhaust gas components containing hydrocarbons are oxidized autothermally or by adding a fuel.

disadvantage

The operation of gas flares generally does not allow the material or energy recovery of the gases to be flared. A subsequent cleaning of the exhaust gases is also not possible with open flares. In addition, torches can be a source of considerable noise pollution.

literature

  • DIN EN ISO 25457: 2009-06 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Flares for general operation in refineries and petrochemical service. Berlin: Beuth Verlag

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ VDI 2442: 2014-02 Flue gas cleaning - Process and technology of thermal waste gas cleaning (Waste gas cleaning - Methods of thermal waste gas cleaning). Berlin: Beuth Verlag, p. 7
  2. ↑ VDI 3475-4: 2010-08 Emission reduction - Biogas plants in agriculture - Fermentation of energy crops and manure (Emission control - Agricultural biogas facilities - Digestion of energy crops and manure). Berlin: Beuth Verlag, p. 57
  3. ↑ VDI 3732: 1999-02 Emission parameters of technical sound sources - flares (Standard noise levels of technical sound sources - Flares). Berlin: Beuth Verlag, p. 4
  4. ↑ VDI 3732: 1999-02 Emission parameters of technical sound sources - flares (Standard noise levels of technical sound sources - Flares). Berlin: Beuth Verlag, p. 5
  5. ↑ VDI 3475-4: 2010-08 Emission reduction - Biogas plants in agriculture - Fermentation of energy crops and manure (Emission control - Agricultural biogas facilities - Digestion of energy crops and manure). Berlin: Beuth Verlag, p. 48
  6. ↑ VDI 4631: 2011-02 Quality criteria for biogas plants. Berlin: Beuth Verlag, p. 32
  7. ↑ VDI 3896: 2014-06 Emission Reduction - Preparation of biogas to natural gas quality (Emission control; Preparation of biogas to natural gas quality). Berlin: Beuth Verlag, p. 13
  8. ↑ VDI 3899-1: 2015-01 (draft) Emissions reduction - Landfill gas - Landfill gas utilization and treatment (Emission control - Landfill gas - Use and treatment of landfill gas). Berlin: Beuth Verlag, p. 12
  9. ↑ Roland Berger: The new guideline VDI 3899 sheet 1. In: Treatment and recovery of landfill gas - The new guideline VDI 3899 sheet 1. Air cleanliness commission in the VDI and DIN - KRdL standards committee, KRdL series of publications Volume 50, ISBN 978-3 -931384-81-4 , pp. 11-18
  10. ↑ Adaptation of landfill gas flares with heat extraction based on practical examples Oberlangheim, Dessau, Fürth , International Bio - and Landfill Gas Conference “Using Synergies and Learning from Each Other IX” April 21/22, 2015
  11. ^ Olaf Kanter: Visit to an oil rig: In the North Sea tiger area. Spiegel Online, accessed September 9, 2015 .
  12. ↑ H. Seifert, R. Becker, G. Hemmer: Procedural solutions for thermal exhaust gas cleaning. In: Commission for keeping the air clean in the VDI and DIN (ed.): Advances in thermal, catalytic, sorptive and biological exhaust gas cleaning. VDI-Verlag Düsseldorf 1993, ISBN 3-18-091034-8 , pp. 39-68.
  13. ↑ VDI 2442: 2014-02 Flue gas cleaning - Process and technology of thermal waste gas cleaning (Waste gas cleaning - Methods of thermal waste gas cleaning). Berlin: Beuth Verlag, p. 12
  14. ↑ VDI 3732: 1999-02 Emission parameters of technical sound sources - flares (Standard noise levels of technical sound sources - Flares). Berlin: Beuth Verlag, p. 8

Web links

Commons : Gas Torch  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files