Infant mortality
| Infant mortality international (2013) |
in per mille |
|---|---|
| worldwide | 38 |
| OECD (2004) | 5.70 |
| Japan | 1.9 |
| Sweden | 2.3 |
| Czech Republic | 2.5 |
| Germany | 3.3 |
| Austria | 3.1 |
| France | 3.6 |
| Netherlands | 3.8 |
| Great Britain | 3.9 |
| Slovakia | 5.5 |
| Russia | 10.3 |
| Angola | 96 |
With the infant mortality rate was recorded the proportion of children who die before reaching their first birthday. You separate them out of child mortality . High infant mortality is a hallmark of underdevelopment and is particularly common in developing countries .
The different mortality rates in comparably developed countries can partly be traced back to different traditions or the acceptance of prenatal diagnosis or pre-implantation diagnosis by parents or the legislature, but also to different state offers for the care of mothers and newborns.
In most industrialized countries, there is evidence of increased infant mortality among socially disadvantaged groups, including poor people and people with a migration background in Germany . Inadequate health care during pregnancy, malnutrition and insufficient use of preventive health services are assumed to be the cause of this infant mortality, without being able to cover all aspects.
Historical outlook
While infant mortality is now usually recorded in per thousand, this was done well into the 20th century due to the significantly higher percentage of victims at the time. Statistics from 1917 presented on the occasion of the establishment of a “State Committee for Care for Babies and Small Children in Mecklenburg” show that between 1886 and 1910 the live births in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin remained between 16.2 and 17.1 within the first year of life Percent died. Up to the age of five, between 21.0 and 24.4 percent died in the same period. This means that around every sixth child died in the first year of life at this time, and around every fourth child by the age of five. There were similar death rates throughout the German Reich.
On the basis of statistics, a very close correlation between infant mortality and the infant's diet can be shown in the past.
In 1908 the pediatrician and social hygienist Hugo Neumann compiled statistical data relating to Berlin on infant mortality, the type of infant nutrition and the size of the apartment as an indicator of the economic status of the family. His statistics documented that infant mortality increased with falling economic status and that, in addition, a diet based on artificial baby food was associated with a multiple higher infant mortality in every social class compared to breastfeeding . At 23 percent, the highest infant mortality rate in Berlin where both factors coincided.
See also
literature
- Johannes Korporal et al .: Epidemiology of Infant Mortality . Thieme, 1978.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ prb.org (PDF)
- ↑ oecd.org (PDF)
- ↑ Tages-Anzeiger: Why child mortality is so high in Switzerland , May 4, 2014: On the context: By (partially) dispensing with diagnostics, fetuses are carried to term that still die as infants due to severe disabilities (abortions are not in the statistics).
- ↑ Antje Richter: Poverty Prevention - A Mission for Health Promotion . In: Margherita Zander: Child poverty . VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-531-14450-2 , p. 202
- ↑ kinderumweltgesundheit.de ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF)
- ^ State committee for the care of babies and small children in Mecklenburg (Alexandrawerk and Olag Foundation) . Reprint of the speeches on the occasion of the establishment in spring 1917, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania State Library
- ↑ Sigrid Stöckel: Infant care between social hygiene and eugenics. The example of Berlin in the German Empire and in the Weimar Republic . De Gruyter, 1996, ISBN 3-11-014539-1 , p. 114 ff. (Also publications by the Historical Commission in Berlin, Volume 91, 1992)
