Hazard class
The hazard classes indicate the type of physical hazard, the hazard to human health or the hazard to the environment for chemical substances and mixtures. The hazard classes are subdivided into hazard categories.
Danger classes play a role in the transport of dangerous goods by road (see Dangerous Goods Class , ADR) and by air ( Dangerous Goods Regulations , DGR, IATA dangerous goods regulations).
CLP (Classification, Labeling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures)
With the correction of Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , the German names for the hazard classes were renamed to English names. This is a peculiarity because normally all languages in the EU are equivalent. This is only a language-specific correction of the attachments.
The conversion from the old label (DSD / DPD) to the new label (CLP) is only possible in very few cases. The classification criteria and the test criteria differ from one another.
Hazard categories that exist in the GHS but not under CLP are highlighted in color. The corresponding GHS pictograms, signal words , hazard notices (H statements) and safety notices (P statements) are assigned to the respective hazard category.
GHS pictogram
The pictograms consist of two parts, the symbol and the red diamond shape border. The pictograms under GHS / CLP are coded and labeled as follows:
GHS01 | GHS02 | GHS03 | GHS04 | GHS05 | GHS06 | GHS07 | GHS08 | GHS09 |
exploding bomb |
flame | Flame over a circle |
gas bottle | Caustic effect | Skull and crossed bones |
exclamation sign |
Health hazard |
environment |
H statements
The H statements follow the following coding:
- H2 ** - physical hazards
- H3 ** - health hazards
- H4 ** - environmental hazards
The first proposal for a coding was a combination of two letters and two digits (HP **, HH **, HE **). The division into three groups is based on a proposal from CEFIC.
Physical hazards
Explosive substances / mixtures and products containing explosives
Hazard class 2.1 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to dangerous goods ! |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical hazards | ||||||
Explosive substances / mixtures and products containing explosives |
Unst. Expl. | GHS01 | danger | H200 | - |
E R2 / R3 |
Expl. 1.1 | GHS01 | danger | H201 | |||
Expl. 1.2 | GHS01 | danger | H202 | |||
Expl. 1.3 | GHS01 | danger | H203 | |||
Expl. 1.4 | GHS01 | Caution | H204 | |||
Expl. 1.5 | - | danger | H205 | |||
Expl. 1.6 | - | - | - |
Flammable gases (including chemically unstable gases)
Hazard class 2.2 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical hazards | ||||||
Flammable gas | ||||||
Flam. Gas 1 | GHS02 | danger | H220 |
F + R12 |
||
Flam. Gas 2 | - | Caution | H221 | - | ||
Chemically unstable gas |
Chem. Unst. Gas A | - | - | H230 | - | - |
Chem. Unst. Gas B | - | - | H231 | - | - |
-
↑ For “chemically unstable gases”, one of the categories A or B can also be specified without any further pictogram or signal word being connected.
The corresponding hazard warning H230 or H231 is to be understood as an additional note to one of the notes H220 or H221.
Aerosols
Hazard class 2.3 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical hazards | ||||||
Aerosols | Aerosol 1 | GHS02 | danger | H222 H229 |
F / F + R11 / R12 or no symbol R10 |
|
Aerosol 2 | GHS02 | Caution | H223 H229 | |||
Aerosol 3 | - | Caution | H229 |
- ↑ No direct conversion possible due to different criteria
Oxidizing gases
Hazard class 2.4 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical hazards | ||||||
Oxidizing gases | Ox. Gas 1 | GHS03 | danger | H270 |
O R8 |
Gases under pressure
Hazard class 2.5 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical hazards | ||||||
compressed gas | Press. Gas (comp.) | GHS04 | Caution | H280 | no equivalent |
|
liquefied gas | Press. Gas (liq.) | GHS04 | Caution | H280 | ||
refrigerated liquefied gas | Press. Gas (Ref. Liq.) | GHS04 | Caution | H281 | ||
dissolved gas | Press. Gas (diss.) | GHS04 | Caution | H280 |
- ↑ New hazard class, previous classification based on other properties
Flammable liquids
Hazard class 2.6 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical hazards | ||||||
Flammable liquids | Flam. Liq 1 | GHS02 | danger | H224 |
F + R12 |
|
Flam. Liq. 2 | GHS02 | danger | H225 |
F R11 |
||
Flam. Liq. 3 | GHS02 | Caution | H226 | No R10 symbol |
||
Flam. Liq. 4 | - | Caution | H227 | No equivalent |
- ↑ Deviations in the criteria, different classification for the flash points
- ↑ GHS only, liquids with a flash point> 60 ° C and ≤93 ° C, no implementation under CLP
- ^ Combustible liquid
- ↑ The US-American dangerous goods law knows this criterion.
Flammable solids
Hazard class 2.7 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical hazards | ||||||
Flammable solids | Flam. Sol. 1 | GHS02 | danger | H228 |
F R11 |
|
Flam. Sol. 2 | GHS02 | Caution | H228 |
Self-reactive substances and mixtures
Hazard class 2.8 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical hazards | ||||||
Self-reactive substances and mixtures |
Self-react A | GHS01 | danger | H240 | - |
E R2 / R3 |
Self-react B | GHS01 GHS02 |
danger | H241 | |||
Self-react CD | GHS02 | danger | H242 |
F R10 / R11 / R12 |
||
Self-react EF | GHS02 | Caution | H242 | |||
Self-react G. | - | - | - | no equivalent |
R10 |
Pyrophoric (self-igniting) liquids
Hazard class 2.9 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical hazards | ||||||
Pyrophoric liquids | Pyr. Liq. 1 | GHS02 | danger | H250 |
F R17 |
Pyrophoric (self-igniting) solids
Hazard class 2.10 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical hazards | ||||||
Pyrophoric solids | Pyr. Sol. 1 | GHS02 | danger | H250 |
F R17 |
Self-heating substances and mixtures
Hazard class 2.11 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical hazards | ||||||
Self-heating substances and mixtures |
Self-heat. 1 | GHS02 | danger | H251 |
F R11 or no equivalent |
|
Self-heat. 2 | GHS02 | Caution | H252 |
- ↑ New hazard class, previous classification based on other properties.
Substances or mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases
Hazard class 2.12 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical hazards | ||||||
Substances or mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases |
Water react. 1 | GHS02 | danger | H260 |
F R15 |
|
Water react. 2 | GHS02 | danger | H261 | |||
Water react. 3 | GHS02 | Caution | H261 |
Oxidizing liquids
Hazard class 2.13 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical hazards | ||||||
Oxidizing liquids | Ox. Liq. 1 | GHS03 | danger | H271 |
O R8 / R9 |
|
Ox. Liq. 2 | GHS03 | danger | H272 |
O R8 |
||
Ox. Liq. 3 | GHS03 | Caution | H272 |
- ↑ No differentiation according to the physical state.
Oxidizing solids
Hazard class 2.14 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical hazards | ||||||
Oxidizing solids | Ox. Sol. 1 | GHS03 | danger | H271 |
O R8 / R9 |
|
Ox. Sol. 2. | GHS03 | danger | H272 |
O R8 |
||
Ox. Sol. 3 | GHS03 | Caution | H272 |
There are also many products that are classified as dangerous goods class 5.1, but are not to be marked with O (R8) according to RL 67/548 / EEC. The cause lies in different test methods. The test method for the classification for O is a pure yes / no test (method A.17). The test of class 5.1 and now also the category Ox. Sol. 1–3 is carried out according to method O.1 - categories 1–3 are now identical to the packaging groups of dangerous goods class 5.1. Many products with dangerous goods class 5.1 are freely available on the market - products marked O according to RL 67/548 / EEC are subject to the Chemicals Prohibition Ordinance!
- ↑ No differentiation according to the physical state
Organic peroxides
Hazard class 2.15 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical hazards | ||||||
Organic peroxides | Org. Perox. A. | GHS01 | danger | H240 | - |
E R8 / R9 |
Org. Perox. B. | GHS01 GHS02 |
danger | H241 | |||
Org. Perox. CD | GHS02 | danger | H242 |
O R7 |
||
Org. Perox. EF | GHS02 | Caution | H242 | |||
Org. Perox. G | - | - | - | No equivalent |
- ↑ not approved for transport
Substances and mixtures that are corrosive to metals
Hazard class 2.16 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical hazards | ||||||
Substances and mixtures that are corrosive to metals |
Met. Corr. 1 | GHS05 | Caution | H290 | no equivalent |
- ↑ New hazard class, previous classification based on other properties.
Health hazards
acute toxicity
Hazard class 3.1 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health hazards | ||||||
acute toxicity | Acute Tox. 1 | GHS06 | danger | oral H300 dermal H310 inhalative H330 |
T + / T R23 / R24 / R25 R26 / R27 / R28 |
|
Acute Tox. 2 | GHS06 | danger | oral H300 dermal H310 inhalative H330 |
|||
Acute Tox. 3 | GHS06 | danger | oral H301 dermal H311 inhalative H331 |
T Xn R20 / R21 / R22 |
||
Acute Tox. 4th | GHS07 | Caution | oral H302 dermal H312 inhalative H332 |
no equivalent |
||
Acute Tox. 5 | - | Caution | oral H303 dermal H313 inhalative H333 |
no equivalent |
- ↑ The classification into the hazard categories takes place under GHS / CLP either via an LD / LC 50 value, or via a derived / calculated ATE value
- ↑ Different classification values for LD 50 do not allow any direct conversion in this area.
- ↑ GHS only, substances with an LD 50 > 2000 mg / kg ≤5000 mg / kg, no implementation under CLP
- ↑ May be harmful if swallowed
- ↑ May be harmful in contact with skin
- ↑ May be harmful if inhaled
Skin corrosion / skin irritation
Hazard class 3.2 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health hazards | ||||||
Skin corrosion / skin irritation | Skin Corr. 1 | GHS05 | danger | H314 | no equivalent | |
Skin Corr. 1A | GHS05 | danger | H314 |
C R35 |
||
Skin Corr. 1B | ||||||
Skin Corr. 1C |
C R34 |
|||||
Skin irritation. 2 | GHS07 | Caution | H315 | no equivalent |
Xi R38 |
|
Skin irritation. 3 | - | Caution | H316 | no equivalent |
- ↑ The hazards "Xi, R36 - irritates the eyes" and "Xi, R37 - irritates the respiratory tract" can be found in other hazard classes.
- ↑ GHS only, no implementation under CLP
- ↑ Causes mild skin irritation.
Serious eye damage / eye irritation
Hazard class 3.3 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health hazards | ||||||
Serious eye damage / eye irritation | Eye Dam. 1 | GHS05 | danger | H318 | no equivalent |
Xi R41 |
Eye irrit. 2 | GHS07 | Caution | H319 |
Xi R36 |
||
Eye irrit. 2 B | - | Caution | H320 | No equivalent |
Skin or respiratory sensitization
Hazard class 3.4 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health hazards | ||||||
Respiratory sensitization | Resp. Sens. 1 | GHS08 | danger | H334 | no equivalent |
Xn R42 |
Skin sensitization | Skin Sens. 1 | GHS07 | Caution | H317 |
Xi R43 |
With Regulation (EC) 286/2011 of March 10, 2011, allergenic substances can be subdivided in a more refined manner if the data is available:
- 1A Strong allergen
- 1B Other allergen
This has no direct effect on the classification of substances. However, when classifying mixtures, different limit values apply to the sub-categories for the classification.
Hazard class 3.4 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health hazards | ||||||
Respiratory sensitization | Resp. Sens. 1 sub-category 1A sub-category 1B |
GHS08 | danger | H334 | no equivalent |
Xn R42 |
Skin sensitization | Skin Sens. 1 sub-category 1A sub-category 1B |
GHS07 | Caution | H317 |
Xi R43 |
Germ cell mutagenicity
Hazard class 3.5 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health hazards | ||||||
Germ cell mutagenicity | Muta. 1A | GHS08 | danger | H340 | no equivalent |
T muta. Cat 1 R46 |
Muta. 1B |
T muta. Cat 2 R46 |
|||||
Muta. 2 | GHS08 | Caution | H341 |
Xn muta. Cat 3 R68 |
Carcinogenicity
Hazard class 3.6 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health hazards | ||||||
Carcinogenicity | Carc. 1A | GHS08 | danger | H350 | no equivalent |
T carc. Cat 1 R45 / R49 |
Carc. 1B |
T carc. Cat 2 R45 / R49 |
|||||
Carc. 2 | GHS08 | Caution | H351 |
Xn carc. Cat 3 R40 |
Reproductive toxicity
Hazard class 3.7 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health hazards | ||||||
Reproductive toxicity | Repr. 1A | GHS08 | danger | H360 | no equivalent |
T repr. Cat 1 R60 / R61 |
Repr. 1B |
T repr. Cat 2 R60 / R61 |
|||||
Repr. 2 | GHS08 | Caution | H361 |
Xn repr. Cat 3 R62 / R63 |
||
Lact. | - | - | H362 | R64 |
Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure)
Hazard class 3.8 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health hazards | ||||||
Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) |
STOT SE 1 | GHS08 | danger | H370 | no equivalent |
T R39 |
STOT SE 2 | GHS08 | Caution | H371 |
Xn R68 |
||
STOT SE 3 | GHS07 | Caution | H335 or H336 |
Xi R37 R67 |
- ↑ Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure
- ↑ In connection with R26 / R27 / R28 or R23 / R24 / R25
- ↑ In connection with R20 / R21 / R22
Specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure)
Hazard class 3.9 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health hazards | ||||||
Specific target organ toxicity (repeated exposure) |
STOT RE 1 | GHS08 | danger | H372 | no equivalent |
T R48 |
STOT RE 2 | GHS08 | Caution | H373 |
Xn R48 R33 |
- ↑ Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure
- ↑ In connection with R23 / R24 / R25
- ↑ In connection with R20 / R21 / R22
Aspiration hazard
Hazard class 3.10 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health hazards | ||||||
Aspiration hazard | Asp. Tox. 1 | GHS08 | danger | H304 | no equivalent |
Xn R65 |
Asp. Tox 2 | GHS08 | Caution | H305 | no equivalent |
- ↑ This hazard class is not implemented in China under GHS
- ↑ GHS only, no implementation under CLP
- ↑ May be harmful if swallowed and enters airways
Environmental hazards
Aquatic hazard
short-term (acute) water hazard
Hazard class 4.1 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Environmental hazards | ||||||
acutely hazardous to the aquatic environment | Aquatic Acute 1 | GHS09 | Caution | H400 |
|
N R50 |
Aquatic Acute 2 | - | - | H401 | no equivalent | no equivalent | |
Aquatic Acute 3 | - | - | H402 | no equivalent | R52 |
- ↑ In addition, an M-factor is specified
- ↑ For goods that are only “environmentally hazardous”, both hazard labels are used; for goods with the secondary risk “environmentally hazardous”, hazard label No. 9 is not used.
- ↑ Only GHS L (E) C50> 1 and ≤10, no implementation under CLP
- ^ Toxic to aquatic life
- ↑ R51 was only available in combination with R53
- ↑ Only GHS L (E) C50> 10 and ≤100, no implementation under CLP
- ^ Harmful to aquatic life
long-term (chronic) water hazard
Hazard class 4.1 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Environmental hazards | ||||||
chronically hazardous to water | Aquatic Chronic 1 | GHS09 | Caution | H410 |
|
N R50 / 53 |
Aquatic Chronic 2 | GHS09 | - | H411 |
N R51 / 53 |
||
Aquatic Chronic 3 | - | - | H412 | no equivalent |
R52 / 53 | |
Aquatic Chronic 4 | - | - | H413 | R52 R53 |
- ↑ For goods that are only “environmentally hazardous”, both hazard labels are used; for goods with the secondary risk “environmentally hazardous”, hazard label No. 9 is not used.
Other environmental hazards
Ozone layer depletion
Hazard class 5.1 |
Hazard class / hazard category code |
pictogram | Signal word | Hazard warning | corresponds to the hazardous good |
corresponds to RL 67/548 / EEC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Environmental hazards | ||||||
damaging the ozone layer | Ozone 1 | GHS07 | Caution | H420 | no equivalent |
N R59 |
See also
Web links
- Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP regulation)
- Correction to Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008
- Regulation (EU) No. 286/2011 amending Regulation 1272/2008
- Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) first edition 2003
- Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) First revised edition 2005
- Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) Second revised edition 2007
- Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) Third revised edition 2009
- Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) Fourth revised edition 2011
- Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) Fifth revised edition 2013
- Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) Sixth revised edition 2015
- Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) Seventh revised edition 2017
Individual evidence
- ↑ Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) ; Article 2.
- ↑ CLP Regulation, Appendix V.
- ^ Sub-Committee of Experts on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals, Tenth session, 7-9 December 2005 Item 3 (a) of the provisional agenda, September 26, 2005.
- ^ Sub-Committee of Experts on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals, Eleventh session, July 12-14, 2006 Item 3 (c) of the provisional agenda, May 15. 2006.