Yellow fever vaccine

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The yellow fever virus

A yellow fever vaccine is a vaccine against the yellow fever virus (YFV).

properties

The development of the first yellow fever vaccine from vaccine strain 17D by Max Theiler in 1937 resulted in the 1951 only Nobel Prize for a viral vaccine.

The yellow fever vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine . It is only recommended for travelers to risk areas in South America and Africa due to the possible severe vaccination reactions . In some countries, the yellow fever vaccination is an entry requirement. It can be used in people over 9 months old. In Germany and the USA, the yellow fever vaccine is only given at yellow fever vaccination centers . ImoJEV is a combination vaccine with a Japanese encephalitis vaccine and was approved in Australia in 2009.

The yellow fever vaccine is on the World Health Organization's list of Essential Medicines .

immunology

After subcutaneous vaccination, neutralizing antibodies develop that protect against yellow fever infection for at least ten years . 90% of those vaccinated are immune within ten days, and 99% after 30 days. Therefore, the vaccine should be given at least ten days prior to travel. Immunity presumably lasts for life, since after over 600 million doses of the yellow fever vaccine since the 1930s, only twelve yellow fever cases ( vaccination breakthroughs ) have been registered in vaccinated persons. These twelve cases were attributed to vaccination failure, as the diseases appeared within five years of receiving a yellow fever vaccination.

Side effects

Adverse drug effects with yellow fever vaccines include in 5 - 30% of those vaccinated in the first five days inflammation at the injection site and within a few days after the vaccination for five to ten days fever, headache and body aches. Rare severe vaccine reactions are anaphylaxis , Yellow fever vaccine-associated neurologic disease (YEL-AND) and Yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD).

Contraindications

Contraindications are pregnancy (including 4 weeks before pregnancy), immunosuppression and allergic reactions to components of the vaccine. In particular because of the chicken protein contained in the vaccine (1.6 mg per vaccine dose), this is contraindicated in the case of known chicken protein allergy .

Trade names

Trade names for yellow fever vaccines are e.g. B. YF-VAX and Stamaril .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ M. Theiler, HH Smith: The effect of prolonged cultivation in vitro upon the pathogenicity of Yellow Fever Virus. In: J Exp Med. (1937), Vol. 65, No. 6, pp. 767-786. PMID 19870633 ; PMC 2133530 (free full text).
  2. ^ Norrby E: Yellow fever and Max Theiler: the only Nobel Prize for a virus vaccine . In: J. Med.. . 204, No. 12, November 2007, pp. 2779-2984. doi : 10.1084 / jem.20072290 . PMID 18039952 . PMC 2118520 (free full text).
  3. ↑ a b c Centers for Disease Control and Prevention : Yellow Fever Vaccine . Retrieved June 7, 2015.
  4. ^ A b c Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Yellow Fever: History, Epidemiology, and Vaccination Information . P. 27. Retrieved June 7, 2015.
  5. ↑ Halstead SB, Thomas SJ: New Japanese encephalitis vaccines: alternatives to production in mouse brain . In: Expert Rev Vaccines . 10, No. 3, March 2011, pp. 355-364. doi : 10.1586 / erv.11.7 . PMID 21434803 .
  6. ↑ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines . In: World Health Organization . October 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  7. ↑ World Health Organization: Yellow fever vaccination booster not needed .
  8. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Yellow Fever: History, Epidemiology, and Vaccination Information . P. 34. Retrieved June 7, 2015.
  9. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Yellow Fever: History, Epidemiology, and Vaccination Information . Pp. 36-38. Retrieved June 7, 2015.
  10. ^ AD Barrett, DE Teuwen: Yellow fever vaccine - how does it work and why do rare cases of serious adverse events take place? In: Current opinion in immunology. Volume 21, Number 3, June 2009, pp. 308-313, doi : 10.1016 / j.coi.2009.05.018 , PMID 19520559 .
  11. ↑ J. Liese and M. Prelog: Vaccinations and allergies . In: Heinz Spiess, Ulrich Heininger, Wolfgang Jilg (Eds.): Impfkompendium . 8th edition. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2015, ISBN 978-3-13-498908-3 , p. 311 .