Gene prediction
Under gene prediction and annotation refers to the a priori finding genes within a nucleotide using typical patterns such as promoter , start and stop signals from introns . For this purpose, various computing methods and algorithms are used in the context of bioinformatics , including statistical sequence analysis , Markov chains , artificial neural networks for pattern recognition, and others.
For example, information about the open reading frames (ORF) is used for better differentiation . Since prokaryotes do not have introns, the gene must lie in a continuous sequence between the start codon and the stop codon .
The prediction of the genes can be verified with the help of the sequencing of cDNA from mRNA .
An example of a well-known model for gene prediction is the GENSCAN program.