Geography lessons

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Young Germany in school (school room during geography class) , painting by Carl Hertel , 1874, Nationalgalerie Berlin

Geography Lessons is the name of a subject that deals with geography or geography lessons in schools. In elementary schools it was called local history with a spatially close connection to the surrounding area .

General

This subject is only taught independently from the lower level (5th school level ) of lower secondary level . In the elementary school (primary level), on the other hand, the contents of this subject area are taught as “comprehensive lessons ” within the framework of the subject “ general instruction”. The term geography lesson was and is often used synonymously with the term geography lesson. The subject is often called that in the SI compulsory schools or in the Realschule. Gymnasiums and other higher schools used the term geography for the school subject. In today's literature on subject didactics, most authors use the term geography lesson.

For decades, the traditional paradigm of geography lessons was that of (school) geography . The lessons started out from home (and thus from local studies) and should then proceed according to the principle from near to far, "From the visual circles in an orderly sequence to a pure and comprehensive view of the history of the earth and man and their mutual influence" ( like Pestalozzi, who worked closely with Carl Ritter). The importance of the geographical comparison and the geographical schema then went back to Ritter and his students. In the 19th century, geography was initially not an independent school subject, but an obligatory subject. Diesterweg referred to the importance of hiking (and traveling) and the self-employment of the students.

In the field of teaching methodology, Paul Adolf Wagner's methodology of geographic teaching appeared in two volumes in 1919 , which was considered the standard work of this time (2nd edition 1925/26) and today gives us a good overview of geographic teaching in the interwar period.

The bibliography below lists some school geography related manuals from different time periods. More recent geography didactics manuals can also be found under the keyword geography didactics .

An overview of today's curricula in Germany can be found on the German education server, or at Lehrer-online.de . For Austria, please refer to the entry geography and economics .

literature

  • J. Birkenhauer: Geography. Didactics. T 1 and T 2. Schwann Educational Publishing House, Düsseldorf 1971.
  • A. Brucker, J. Haversath, A. Schöps (eds.): Geography lessons: 102 keywords. Hohengehren 2018, ISBN 978-3-8340-1827-4 .
  • J. Engel: From geography to spatial science education. (Theory and Practice of Geography Education). Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 1976.
  • Ch. Gruber: The development of geographic teaching methods in the XVIII. and XIX. Century. Oldenbourg publishing house, Munich / Leipzig 1900.
  • H. Haubrich among others: Concrete Didactics of Geography. Braunschweig 1977 (revised 1982).
  • S. Reinfried, H. Haubrich (Hrsg.): Learning to teach geography - The didactics of geography. Revised edition, Cornelsen, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-06-065212-9 .
  • L. Helmer, H. Kaindlstorfer: New contributions to the methodology of geographic teaching. Anton Becker on his 60th birthday. F. Deuticke, Vienna 1929.
  • F. Lampe: The educational value of geography lessons. (= Geographic evenings in the Central Institute for Education and Teaching. H. 10). Berlin 1919.
  • JG Lüdde: The geography method. Magdeburg 1842.
  • E. Popp, H. Wohlschlägl (Ed.): School geography in Central Europe. Development of geography as a subject over the past two decades. Symposium Salzburg 1988 as part of the 21st German School Geographers' Day. (= Contributions to teacher training. 33). Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1990.
  • W. Reissmann, JU Gerloff: Geography lessons - basics and methods. (Translated from Russian) People and Knowledge, Berlin 1971.
  • E. Schallhorn: Geography Methodology. Manual for secondary level I and II. Cornelsen Verlag Scriptor, Berlin 2007.
  • A. Schmidt: The geography class. 4th edition. Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 1976.
  • F. Schnaß: The geography class. Bonn 1957.
  • HD Schultz: Geography as an educational subject in the German Empire. (= Osnabrück studies on geography. Volume 10). 1989.
  • A. Schultze (Ed.): 40 texts on the didactics of geography. (= Educational writings ). Klett-Perthes, Gotha 1996.
  • W. Sperling: geography lessons. In: Westermann's Lexicon of Geography. Braunschweig 1969.
  • P. Wagner: Methodology of geography lessons. Part 1: General part. 1925, part 2: special part. Leipzig 1925.
  • J. Wagner: The geography lessons. 2nd Edition. Hanover 1955.
  • MF Wocke: Local studies and geography. Schrödel, Hanover 1962.

Web links

Wiktionary: Geography lessons  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Regional associations of the Association of German School Geographers:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ wikis.zum.de
  2. ^ Keyword article by Heinz Peter Brogiato: Wagner, Paul Adolf , in: Sächsische Biographie. 2009
  3. ^ Bildungsserver.de curricula of the federal states
  4. ^ Curricula of the federal states of Germany