Weight loom

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Replica of a weight loom in the Viking Museum in Haithabu

The weight loom refers to a standing loom in which the warp threads hang down vertically and are weighted down with loom weights at their end in order to maintain the tension required for weaving . Because the mostly clay loom weights have been preserved in the ground, it is the oldest archaeologically proven form of the loom .

construction

A weight loom consists of a rectangular frame, at the upper end of which there is a holder for the mostly rotatable goods tree. The warp threads are attached to this after warping . The sheds are using heald rods formed. The weft thread is introduced manually and beaten up with a weaving sword.

history

Prehistoric textile evidence has existed since the Upper Paleolithic about 30,000 years ago. Clay spindle whorls and weaving weights have been archaeologically proven since the Neolithic Age . Loom weights have been documented in southeastern Europe since the early Neolithic Körös culture . In Central Europe, spindle whorls and weaving weights are documented in settlements of the oldest linear ceramic culture (6th millennium BC). Spinning whorls were particularly common in the Bad Nauheim-Niedermörlen settlement.

Until the horizontal loom began to spread in Central Europe in the 10th century, all fabrics were woven on the weight loom or on its predecessor or successor, the hip loom . In remote areas (such as the Faroe Islands or Iceland ) the weight loom was in use until the 20th century. It was mainly used to make very wide textiles such as tapestries.

Today weight looms are used in archaeological engineering to reweave textile finds, or they are used in museum education to make the prehistoric weaving technique understandable.

literature

  • Martha Hoffman: The warp weighted loom. Studia Norwegica 14, Oslo 1974. ISBN 8200080943
  • Ursula Kircher: Weaving on frames. A guide for the beginner. Hitzeroth, 1979. ISBN 3921398045
  • Karl Schlabow: We weave on the old Germanic weight loom. Industry Museum, Neumünster 1936

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ralph Einicke, Linienbandkeramik (LBK). In: Hans-Jürgen Beier and Ralph Einicke (eds.), The Neolithic in the Middle Elbe-Saale area and in the Altmark. An overview and an outline of the state of research . WILKAU-HASSLAU 1994, 30
  2. ↑ Sabine Schade-Lindig, idol and special finds from the ribbon ceramic settlement of Bad Nauheim-Nieder-Mörlen "Auf dem Hempler" (Wetteraukreis). Germania 80/1, 2002, 47-114

Web links

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