Gingival recession

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As gingival recession ( Latin gingiva , gum ') is called the anti-free receding gums or gum recession.

Classification

The degree of decline is divided into four classes according to Miller in relation to the condition of the surrounding gum tissue.

  • Class I - decline does not extend to the mucogingival line ; no tissue or bone loss
  • Class II - decline extends to the mucogingival line; no tissue or bone loss
  • Class III - decline extends to the mucogingival line; Tissue or bone loss; Misaligned teeth
  • Class IV - decline extends to the mucogingival line; Tissue or bone loss; severe tooth misalignment

(Mucogingival line: line where the gums merge into the oral mucosa)

In the first two grades it is a purely aesthetic problem. In classes III and IV there is a risk that the exposed tooth root will be damaged. Bone loss can also progress, which impairs the function of the tooth and can lead to tooth loss.

causes

Possible causes can be the overloading of the gums z. B. due to incorrect cleaning technique or poor oral hygiene . Too much stress on the teeth, such as B. occurs when teeth grinding, can be transferred to the gums. Similarly, lip or tongue piercings be the reason for overloaded gums. A naturally thin gum as well as a lip or cheek frenulum that is too close to the tooth, which pulls the gums back over time, also favor the decline. Furthermore, a very prominent bone can cause a recession. Not to be forgotten is the effects of smoking. The nicotine can destroy the smallest vessels in the gums, which then regress due to the insufficient supply. Another possible cause is if the tooth is moved too far in the vestibular direction as part of orthodontic measures (e.g. braces treatment), which can lead to a breakdown of the external bone lamella, so that the gingiva no longer has effective support.

treatment

Therapy is only given if the gums are free of inflammation. Aesthetic therapy can be carried out surgically through plastic recession cover or transplantation or artificially through a gingival epithesis .