Ginkaku-ji

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The Kannon-den ( Silver Pavilion )
The togu-do in autumn
Kōgetsudai in front of the cannon
The cannon in the snow

The Jishō-ji ( Japanese 慈 照 寺 ), better known under the name Ginkaku-ji ( 銀 閣 寺 , "Temple of the Silver Pavilion"), is a Zen temple of the Rinzai-shū in the northeast of the city of Kyoto . It was built in 1482 by Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa as a retirement home.

architecture

Two buildings of the original complex, the Kannon-den and the Tōgu-dō, have been preserved from the 15th century. The garden dates from the Edo period .

The Kannon-den ( 観 音 殿 , "Hall of the Kannon ") is the symbol of the Ginkaku-ji and is usually called Ginkaku ( 銀 閣 ), "Silver Pavilion". The ground floor is built in the Shinden style and is called Shinkūden ( 心 空 殿 , "Hall of the Void"). The upper floor is in the style of a Chinese Chan temple and is called Chōonden ( 潮音 閣 , "Hall of the roaring waves"). The roof is in the Hyogo style.

The Tōgu-dō ( 東 求 堂 ) is an early example of Shoin architecture . It contains a sculpture by Yoshimasa and one by Amida-nyōrai , which is attributed to Eshin Sōzu. In Tōgu-dō there is also Dōjinsai ( 同仁 斎 ), one of the oldest rooms for tea ceremonies . Its design and size became a model for future generations.

The garden of the complex is especially known for Ginshadan ( 銀 沙灘 , "lake of silver sand") and Kōgetsudai ( 向 月台 , "moon viewing platform "), which contrast with the darker cannon .

history

Ashikaga Yoshimasa built his retirement home from 1482 on the site of the Jōdo-ji of the Tendai-shū , which burned down in the Ōnin war , and whose abbot was his brother Ashikaga Yoshimi . After Yoshimasa's arrival in 1483, the emperor Go-Tsuchimikado gave the complex the title Higashiyama-dono ( 東山 殿 , "Higashiyama Palace"). The construction progress dragged on due to a lack of funds and Yoshimasa's desire for perfection. When he died, the building was still unfinished. The complex was then, according to his wishes, transformed into a Zen temple and named Jishō-ji. Many of the buildings on the site burned down during the Sengoku riot .

Yoshimasa built his retirement home as a retreat from his political life as a shogun . Up to ten buildings were planned, but they were never completed. Neither was intended for official activities. He designed the buildings and the garden according to his interests. Originally Kanō Masanobu designed the fusuma of the buildings. Yoshimasa created the formative Higashiyama culture through his artistic ideas and the artists he sponsored . His retirement home developed into the center of the Higashiyama culture and is at the same time its epitome.

The name Ginkaku-ji ("Silver Pavilion") is based on the Rokuon-ji ( 鹿苑 寺 ), popularly Kinkaku-ji ("Golden Pavilion"), built by Yoshimasa's grandfather, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu . Both temples are sub-temples of the Shōkoku-ji of the Rinzai-shū .

In 1952 the gardens were declared a special historical site ( tokubetsu shiseki ). In 1994 UNESCO took the Ginkaku-ji together with other sites into the World Heritage Site of Historical Kyōto (Kyōto, Uji and Ōtsu) .

literature

  • Keene, Donald (2003). Yoshimasa and the Silver Pavilion: The Creation of the Soul of Japan . New York: Columbia University Press.

Web links

Commons : Ginkaku-ji  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 35 ° 1 ′ 36.7 "  N , 135 ° 47 ′ 53.7"  E