Green area on the Cottbuser Schlossberg
On Cottbus lock or Gerichtsberg, in the area of the former castle gardens, is the late Wilhelminian urban green space. It is part of the green ring that surrounds the old town. The complex is a listed building .
location
The green area is located on the north, east and south slopes of the Schlossberg. It is bounded to the north by Magazin- and Sandower Straße . Goethestrasse borders to the east and Am Spreeufer to the south. In the west, the complex is marked out by the district court, the wall that runs around the former district court on the hilltop of the Schlossberg, and by the property at Magazinstrasse 27.
History of the gardens
Several gardens that surrounded the complex of buildings on the Schlossberg belonged to the castle area. The name official gardens comes from the fact that the official governors were allowed to use them. The gardens are shown on Handtschky's plan from the years 1720/24 and it can be seen that they all once had an enclosure.
Big garden
The large or rear garden was outside the city wall and encompassed the slope at the top of the castle hill and the area between Sandower Straße and Mühlengraben. This garden had an irregular floor plan and, according to a record from 1784, had a simple structure. It was a kitchen garden. A large part of the Great Garden was leased to the superintendent and inspector Schmidt in 1789. He wanted to set up a mulberry tree plantation and nursery there. Schmidt had to fence in the garden and was given the right to create a small pond there. The eastern part of the Great Garden was sold to the dyer Mundt in 1814. From 1833–36, the fairer Carl Wilhelm Mund is named as the owner. The owner of the western part was the merchant Samuel Lobedan in 1817. Around 1830 the Great Garden is shown on a city map with a square floor plan. From this it can be seen that it was used as a kitchen garden or plantation. At the corner of Goethestrasse and Am Spreeufer, a waterfall was built in a bed of boulders that carries 24 cubic meters of water per hour. More boulders were scattered on the relatively free lawn slopes. On October 5, 1901, the completed park was handed over by the park inspector and later city gardening director Julius Kurfeß. Today's Goethestrasse was laid out in the middle of the garden around 1900. The eastern half was released for development and the western half was converted into a green area by the Beautification Association. A road connection was created along Goethestrasse and Am Spreeufer. It was slightly curved above street level and remained at this level up to halfway down Goethestrasse. After this section the road connection led through a depression. This depression still exists; there used to be a mineral fountain drinking establishment there. Axially in front of the building there was a base with a planter bowl. In the north, the depression was limited by an embankment, which was probably intended as an extension of Magazinstraße in the direction of Sandower Straße. This area separated a small green island from the hillside in the form of an extra-wide path.
In the 1930s, the head of the city wall was exposed by demolishing buildings 21 and 22 in Sandower Strasse. The northern slopes within the city wall up to Magazinstrasse (see Middle Garden) were included in the design for the first time. Two paths, one of which was a staircase, led up the slope from Magazinstrasse. A further connection to the hillside was created by breaking through the city wall to the east and now leading outside the city wall to the southern viewing pulpit and around the district court building. In 1939 the classification of the drapery fountain was completed in the northern area of the facility. In the same year, the staircase was built on both sides of the northern city wall, the paths in front of the former drinking pavilion as well as the planting bowl and the flower ring were removed. Various maps from 1966 and 1980 show that only the path to the top of the slope existed, as well as the drapery fountain and individual staircases on the slopes. During the GDR era, the slope was used by the citizens as a toboggan hill.
Medium garden
The middle garden was inside the city wall, which separated it from the Great Garden. The middle garden also had an irregular floor plan and a simple order structure. It was also a kitchen garden. After the palace and the gardens were no longer used, the middle palace garden was separated and given to the citizens of Mundt on a long lease. In 1829/30 the Belgian industrialist John Cockerill bought the Middle Garden. Since 1816 he owned the royal house and the castle tower, where he ran a wool yarn spinning mill. In the years 1904-07 there was the first adaptation of the slope system. The old official building was torn down and a new building was built. This resulted in a change in the old hillside crown with its retaining walls on the southern gable of the district court. In this context, the court forecourt was connected to the slope system.
Small garden
The small garden was to the west of the office building, where the court square is today. The small garden had a right-angled floor plan and only one axial path is recorded in older documents from 1784. On a map from 1820, a garden house is drawn in the small garden on the northern side.
Basic garden
The basic garden was within the palace complex, in the hollow of the former palace moat. At this time, the basic garden with its right-angled floor plan had surrounding terraces on the west, south and east sides. In 1825 the primary garden was given to the city of Cottbus. In the post-war period, the gardens were redistributed and converted into kitchen gardens to compensate for the food shortage.
present
In 1997, with the help of archive and literature research, garden archaeological excavations as well as recording and analysis of the inventory, a draft for the renewal of the facility was created. The landscape architecture firm Dipl.-Ing. Hagen Engelmann from Cottbus. The aim was to reconstruct the situation from 1939. The municipal office for green spaces carried out the restoration in 1999. There are specimen trees exempted shrub planted groups, restore the original system of paths and staircases and two viewing platforms. In addition, the remains of the erratic boulder channel and the basin of the waterfall were exposed and supplemented.
meaning
The entire complex is of urban, social, historical and cultural significance. In this form, it is a unique garden in Brandenburg , which has an urban and local impact.
gallery
literature
- Irmgard Ackermann, Marcus Cante, Antje Mues: Monuments in Brandenburg, Volume 2.1, City of Cottbus Part 1: Old Town, Mühleninsel, Neustadt and Ostrow, inner Spremberger suburb, " City Promenade ", western urban expansion, historical Brunschwig , Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms am Rhein, 2001, ISBN 3-88462-176-9
Web links
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 51 ° 45 ′ 41.5 " N , 14 ° 20 ′ 20.8" E