Great suburban synagogue (Lviv)

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Synagogue (1921)

The Great Suburban Synagogue was a synagogue on Bożnicza (today: Sanska) Street 16 in Lviv , Ukraine .

history

The first Jewish township in Lviv is mentioned in the 14th century, whereby the Jewish community was under the personal protection of the Polish king.

A settlement of a Jewish suburban community in the western suburb of Lviv, called Krakau , is documented in 1352. In this suburban community existed until at least 1457 a community of Karaites .

The suburban community existed independently of the township and had its own synagogues, cult and charity institutions, including a kind of hospital.

In 1623 the wooden synagogue from 1623 in the suburbs of Cracow, outside the Cracow city walls, was destroyed by fire.

A stone synagogue was built in 1632/33. The basis for this was an agreement with the city council that determined the construction method and location.

Lviv's Jewish community expanded when Lviv became the capital of the Austrian part of Galicia between 1772 and 1914 . But the new parishioners were mostly Hasidim who have their own Schtibl created or prayer rooms. The first shtibl was built in 1820. By 1838 there were already six other prayer rooms. In 1869 there were fourteen synagogues and around eighty shtibl in Lviv

In 1918 Lviv became Polish and a pogrom broke out, with the Great Synagogue being burned. The suburban synagogue was one of the few synagogues to survive this pogrom. In 1939 the Jewish community in Lviv had 109,500 members.

In 1941 the synagogue was destroyed by the Nazi regime. In March 1942 and January 1943 about 97,000 members were murdered by the congregation.

architecture

The pillars were in the middle of the synagogue, at the four corners of the bima in the middle of the room and made the synagogue a so-called nine-field synagogue

The synagogue was entered via a vestibule in the west, which had a staircase, a pillory and guild rooms and was one or two steps above the prayer and main hall. The pillory was on the east wall of the vestibule.

At a height of 4.15 m on the west and entrance wall was a gallery to which 15 steps led up and which was intended for a boys' choir.

The prayer room itself was 19.30 m long, 20.10 m wide and 19.20 m deep. The cross vault of the main hall was divided into nine fields of flat arches, the cross vault itself being supported exclusively by four large pillars. The four octagonal pillars were located at the four corners of the bima in the middle of the room. This enabled a larger space to be spanned than was previously possible. This type of design is known as the nine-field or four-pillar synagogue and was also chosen in the Great Maharscha Synagogue in Ostroh , which was built around the same time . From here it spread to the west until the 19th century.

The style of the Great Suburban Synagogue is very similar to the Great Maharscha Synagogue in Ostroh, which was built around the same time . Hence, it is believed that it was designed by the same architect ( Giacomo Medleni ). This was probably inspired by (fictional) reconstructions by the Spanish Jesuit father Juan Bautista Villalpando , in which he depicted the Solomonic Temple in Jerusalem.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. http://jewish-heritage-europe.eu/have-your-say/the-great-maharsha-synagogue-in-ostroh-memory-and-oblivion-have-we-reached-the-point-of-no -return All information about the Ostroher Synagogue. Accessed January 30, 2019.

Web links

Commons : Synagogues in Lviv  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 49 ° 50 ′ 46 ″  N , 24 ° 1 ′ 41 ″  E