Ostroh

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Ostroh
Ostrog
Ostroh coat of arms
Ostroh (Ukraine)
Ostroh
Ostroh
Basic data
Oblast : Rivne Oblast
Rajon : District-free city
Height : 195 m
Area : 10.89 km²
Residents : 14,325 (2004)
Population density : 1,315 inhabitants per km²
Postcodes : 35807
Area code : +380 3654
Geographic location : 50 ° 20 '  N , 26 ° 32'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 19 '43 "  N , 26 ° 31' 32"  E
KOATUU : 5610900000
Administrative structure : 1 city
Mayor : Taras Pustowit
Address: вул. Ревкомівська 4
35800 м. Ostrog
Website : http://www.ostroh.rv.ua
Statistical information
Ostroh (Rivne Oblast)
Ostroh
Ostroh
i1

Ostroh ( Ukrainian Острог ; Russian Острог Ostrog , Polish Ostróg ) is a Ukrainian city ​​in Rivne Oblast with a population of just over 14,000.

Geographical location

Ostroh the district capital is located south Rivne just before the border with Khmelnytskyi Oblast on the highway M 21 and at the confluence of the Viliya with Horyn . The next largest cities are Rivne and Shepetivka .

View of the city from the Horyn river

history

The place was mentioned in writing for the first time in 1100 by the Kiev chronicler Nestor as a “city with a castle”, but existed long before that. In the 13th century the settlement was sacked by the Mongols . In the 14th century the region became a bone of contention between Poland and Lithuania . In 1386 the city fell to Lithuania. An important Jewish community with its own Talmud school had existed here since the 15th century , so that a brick-built Renaissance synagogue was built in the 16th century . In 1577 Ivan Fyodorov founded the first printing house here, which produced the world's first books in Church Slavonic, including the Ostrog Bible . In 1579, Prince Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski founded a Greek Orthodox academy here , which is why the city became an important educational and cultural center and was nicknamed "Ostroher Athens". There were nine Orthodox churches here at that time. In 1585 Ostroh was granted city rights. An Arian school also existed here in the 17th century . In 1624 Princess Anna Chodkiewiczowa founded a Jesuit college . In the years 1609 to 1753 Ostroh was the center of a large ordination , which promoted the development of the city.

In the 1640s the city was invaded several times by Cossacks and Tatars . The Catholic population was almost completely exterminated and the Catholic institutions destroyed. The city had never fully recovered economically from this destruction, although the Jesuit school continued to operate for almost two centuries.

In 1793 Ostroh fell to Russia as part of the second partition of Poland and from 1795 to 1825 it was the seat of the governor. In 1796 the former Jesuit school was converted into a Russian Orthodox seminary , which, however, was not rebuilt after a severe fire in 1821 and fell into disrepair. In 1897 the Polish district grammar school, a grammar school that still exists today, was built on this site. In 1826 some Decembrists were executed here. Economically, the city deteriorated in the 19th century, as it was not connected to the railway network (the nearest station called Ostroh on the Kovel – Kozyatyn railway line is 14 kilometers north).

During the Polish-Soviet War 1918-1920, the city was contested three times. Between 1920 and 1939/45 Ostroh was a border town between Poland and the Soviet Union under the Polish name of Ostróg . A large garrison of the Polish border troops KOP was located here. While Poland has been fighting the III. Reich was, the city was on 17 September 1939 by the Red Army occupied after the Polish border troops LAD had withdrawn. In December 1939, Ostroh became the administrative center of Rovno Oblast . In the summer of 1941, Ostroh was occupied by the Wehrmacht shortly after the war between Germany and the Soviet Union broke out. During the Second World War , the city lost many inhabitants: First, many Jews, who made up 61% of the population before the start of the war, were deported to Siberia . Of the 7,000 or so who were allowed to stay, the 6,500 or so were exterminated in four "actions" by the Nazis and their local accomplices between 1941 and 1944. On October 15, 1942 alone, 2,000 people were shot when the ghetto was dissolved. The city later became a refuge for Poles, who sought refuge from Ukrainian nationalists here before the city was recaptured by the Red Army on February 5, 1944 . From 1945 Ostroh officially belonged to the Soviet Union and the Poles living here were predominantly "repartied". Since then she has been in the Ukrainian SSR , which declared itself independent in 1991. In 1994 the "Ostroher Higher College" (ukr. Острозький Вищий Колегіум ) was founded, which in 1996 assumed the historical name " Ostroger Academy " (ukr. Острозька академія ) and was declared a national university in 2000. In July 1995 Ostroh was given the status of a town under district administration, since then it is no longer an administrative part, but still the administrative center of the Ostroh district of the same name .

Ostroh maintains a town partnership with the Polish town of Sandomierz .

People related to Ostroh

  • Herassim Smotryzkyj († 1594), Ukrainian writer, poet and educator
  • Ivan Fjodorow (1510–1583), printing pioneer
  • Prince Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski (1526–1608), magnate, cultural patron, military leader
  • Princess Elisabeth Ostrogska (1539–1582), the "Black Lady"
  • Jan Latosz (1539–1608), doctor and astronomer
  • Andrzej Rymsza (ukr. Андрій Римша) (approx. 1550 - after 1595), Polish-Russian writer and poet
  • Job Knyahynytskyi (approx. 1550–1621), Orthodox St. monk
  • Ivan Wyschenskyj (around 1550 - after 1620), Ruthenian monk and scholar
  • Prince Janusz Konstantynowicz Ostrogski (1554–1620), magnate and military leader
  • Isaiah Horovitz (1565–1630), Talmud researcher and Kabbalist
  • Samuel Edels (1555–1631), Talmud researcher, rector of the rabbinical school, also known as the Maharscha.
  • Job (Iwan Borecki) († 1631), Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev
  • Simon Pekalid (1567 - after 1601), court poet
  • Chrystofor Filalet Bronski (mid-16th century - mid-17th century), writer and philosopher
  • Meletij Smotryzkyj (1577–1633), theologian and philologist
  • Damian Naliwajko († 1627), Orthodox clergyman, writer and educator
  • Petro Konaschewytsch-Sahaidachnyj (1570–1622), Cossack leader
  • Semka Levkowitz (ukr .: Земка Тарасій Левкович) († 1632), Orthodox deacon, educator in Kiev
  • David ben Samuel ha-Levi (around 1586–1667), founder of a Talmud school around 1641
  • Andreas Vengerscius (1600–1649), Protestant clergyman and writer
  • Anna Chodkiewiczowa (1600–1654), benefactress, last Princess Ostrogski
  • Princess Anna Paulina Jabłonowska (1728–1800), politician, publicist and benefactress
  • Jan Paweł Woronicz (1757–1829), Polish poet, politician, Primate of Poland
  • Nikolai Ivanovich Kostomarow (1817–1885), Ukrainian-Russian social activist, poet and historian
  • Pantelejmon Kulisch (1819–1897), Ukrainian ethnologist, historian and publicist
  • Stanisław Kardaszewicz (1826–1886), lawyer and local historian
  • Ivan Nechuj-Levyzkyj (1838–1918), Ukrainian writer, teacher, translator
  • Menachem Mendel Biber (1848–1923), local Jewish historian
  • Kazimierz Kardaszewicz (1855–1945), military doctor, general in Poland and Russia
  • Mychajlo Kotsjubynskyj (ukr .: Михайло Михайлович Коцюбинський) (1864–1913), Ukrainian writer
  • Ioannikij Malinowskij (1868–1932), Ukrainian-Russian legal historian
  • Michailo Tutschmeskij (1872–1945), Orthodox cleric, educator, local activist
  • Jewhen Spektorskyj (1875–1951), Ukrainian philosopher and legal scholar
  • Hilarion (Iwan) Ohienko (1882–1972), publicist, politician, Orthodox cleric, church historian, Metropolitan of Canada
  • Volodimir Salskyj (1883–1940), General of the Armed Forces of the Ukrainian People's Republic
  • Volodimir Duditsch (1885–1920) Social Democrat, member of the Ukrainian Central Council
  • Alexei Innokentjewitsch Antonow (1896–1962), Soviet Army General
  • Sr. Barbara (Vera Grosser) (1908–1986), Orthodox religious in Poland
  • Pf. (Bolesław) Remigiusz Kranc (1910–1977), Polish Capuchin, resistance fighter
  • Bolesław Drobiński (1918–1995), flying ace, Polish and British major in the Air Force
  • Oleg Zarechniuk (1923–2002), Ukrainian chemist and educator
  • Petro Andrjuchov (1924–1996), Ukrainian historian and regional historian
  • Mikola Kowalskij (1929–2006), Ukrainian historian and educator
  • Bogusław Litwiniec (* 1931), Polish theater director and politician
  • Anna Cieplewska (1936–2006), Polish film and theater actress
  • Mirosława Lombardo (* 1937), Polish film and theater actress
  • Igor Demidowitsch Pasitschnyk (1946), psychologist, rector of the Ostroger Academy
  • Mikola Kutscheruk (1947–2013), architect, conservationist
  • Alexander Тarchanow (* 1961), Ukrainian-Russian opera singer and actor
  • Vitaly Kosovsky (* 1973) Ukrainian football player
  • Sergij Sachartschuk (* 1984), athlete-weightlifter, city councilor

See also

Great Maharscha Synagogue

literature

  • Ostróg , in: Guy Miron (Ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust . Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009 ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , pp. 557f.

Web links

Commons : Ostroh  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Foundation Memorial for the Murdered Jews of Europe / Foundation Topography of Terror (Ed.): Mass shootings. The Holocaust between the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea 1941-1944 . 2016, ISBN 978-3-941772-22-9 , pp. 316 .
  2. ↑ Верховна Рада України; Постанова від 07.07.1995 № 275/95-ВР Про віднесення міста Острога Рівненської області до категорії маспя .поворії маспя