Ivan Fyodorov

This article is about the East Slavic printer Ivan Fyodorov. For the seafarer of the same name see Iwan Fjodorow (Seafarer)

Ivan Fyodorov on a Soviet postage stamp

Ivan Fyodorov ( Russian Иван Фёдоров , pronunciation : [ i'van 'fʲodɘrɘf ], even Ivan Fedorovitsch ; * is between 1510 and 1525 in the Moscow area; † 6 December ^{. Jul} / 16th December  1583 ^greg. In Lvov , Poland , today Ukraine ) was the first Russian printer known by name . He is considered to be the founder of the art of printing in the successor to Johannes Gutenberg in the Russian-speaking, Cyrillic- writing area.

Life

Moscow Apostolar , 1564

The title page of the Ostrog Bible , 1581

Ivan Fyodorov was born in the Moscow area at the beginning of the 16th century. He studied at the University of Krakow , where he graduated in 1532 . In the following years Fyodorov began his activity at the Sankt-Nikolas-Gostunski-Kirche in Moscow, where he was commissioned as dean from 1553 on behalf of Tsar Ivan IV ("the terrible") to build a printing press . Fyodorov published in 1563/1564 together with Pjotr ​​Mstislavets , who came from Belarus , the first printed book in Russian that can be precisely dated - the Moscow Apostolar . Since the newly established printing technology was in competition with the classic copyist work of the Orthodox monks in Moscow, they reacted with violent resistance to Fyodorov. This ultimately led Fyodorov to flee Moscow in 1566 and settle in Vilnius, Lithuania.

After fleeing Moscow, Fyodorov published a few other writings:

• 1569: “Evangelije uchitelnoje” - a teaching gospel
• 1570: Psalter

In 1572 Fyodorov moved to Lemberg, which was then under Polish rule, and published other books, including the second edition of the "Apostol" in 1574. But the time in Lemberg was short-lived, in 1575 Prince Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski entrusted him with the management of the Derman (?) Monastery near Dubno . There he built a new printing house between 1577 and 1579 and in 1581 printed the first edition of a complete translation of the Bible in Church Slavonic . Shortly thereafter, Fyodorov fell out with his employer Ostrogski and returned to Lemberg, where he died (depending on the source) between December 14 and 16, 1583.

literature

• Iaroslav Dmytrovych Isaievych: Literaturna spadshchyna Ivana Fedorova. (The literary legacy of Ivan Fedorov.) Vyshcha shkola publishing house, Lviv 1989 ISBN 9785110005398 (in Ukrainian)

Web links

Commons : Ivan Fyodorov  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Ivan Fyodorov . In: Gale Encyclopedia of Russian History
2. ↑ ^{a b} Fedorovych (Fedorov), Ivan . In: Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine
3. ↑ Holger Kuße: Development of the Slavic standard languages ( Memento of the original from September 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF), Institute for Slavic Studies, TU Dresden. P. 51 
4. ↑ Psalter published by Ivan Fedorov in 1570 ( Memento of the original from October 7, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , The National Library of Russia  
5. ↑ Russia . In: Bernhard Fabian (Hrsg.): Handbook of German historical book stocks in Europe; an overview of collections in selected libraries . tape 8 . Olms-Weidmann, 2001, ISBN 3-487-10364-8 , pp. 24 ( online in Google Book Search).
6. ↑ Minucius Felix - Name / naming . In: Gerhard Krause, Gerhard Müller (Hrsg.): Theologische Realenzyklopädie . tape 23 . de Gruyter, 1994, ISBN 3-11-013852-2 , p. 369 ( online in Google Book Search).