Radyvyliw

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Radyvyliw
Радивилів
Radyvyliv Coat of Arms
Radyvyliw (Ukraine)
Radyvyliw
Radyvyliw
Basic data
Oblast : Rivne Oblast
Rajon : Radyvyliv district
Height : 227 m
Area : 5.06 km²
Residents : 10,190 (2004)
Population density : 2,014 inhabitants per km²
Postcodes : 35506
Area code : +380 3633
Geographic location : 50 ° 8 '  N , 25 ° 15'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 7 '38 "  N , 25 ° 15' 15"  E
KOATUU : 5625810100
Administrative structure : 1 city, 17 villages
Address: вул. Паркова 5
35500 м. Радивилів
Statistical information
Radyvyliv (Rivne Oblast)
Radyvyliw
Radyvyliw
i1

Radywyliw ( Ukrainian Радивилів , old spelling Радзивилів Radsywyliw , 1940–93 Червоноармійськ Tscherwonoarmijsk , Polish Radziwiłłów , Russian Радзивилов Radsiwilow ) is a small town with slightly more than 10,000 Ukrainian inhabitants. It is the capital of a raion of the same name in Rivne Oblast and is located on the M 06 / E40 expressway southwest of the regional capital Rivne . Radyvyliw is located 10 km from the city ​​of Brody, which is already in the Lviv Oblast , and 55 km from the next largest city, Dubno .

View of the local area

On September 22, 2015, the city became the center of the newly founded municipality Radyvyliw ( Радивилівська міська громада Radywyliwska miska hromada ). At that includes also the 17 villages Adamiwka (Адамівка) Batkiw (Батьків) Baschariwka (Башарівка) Druzhba (Дружба), Haji-Lewjatynski (Гаї-Лев'ятинські) Kasmiri (Казмірі) Kopani (Копані) Kruky (Круки), Mali Hajky (Малі Гайки) Nemyriwka (Немирівка) Nowoukrajinske (Новоукраїнське) Perenjatyn (Перенятин) Pidsamtsche (Підзамче) Pidlypky (Підлипки) Prysky (Приски) Staryky (Старики) and Stojaniwka (Стоянівка) , until then the city formed the city council of the same name.

history

Radywyliw was first mentioned in 1564 as the property of the Polish-Lithuanian magnate family of the Radziwiłł , who came from Vilnius , and originally belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , but after the Lublin Union of 1569 it was directly subordinate to the Kingdom of Poland . The first Western Description of settlement comes from the French diplomat Ulrich von Verdum from the year 1672. In the 18th century, the town became property of Malczewski over and in 1775 inherited Kajetan Miączyński Radyvyliv with its 146 houses, but had already in 1789 at the Warsaw Selling banker Karol Schultz.

As a result of the 1st partition of Poland in 1772, Radywyliw had already become a border town, but remained Polish until the final division of the Polish-Lithuanian aristocratic republic in 1795. After that, it was part of the Russian Empire until the end of the First World War . The connection to Russia led to an upgrading of the village, since the customs district established in Radyvyliw was responsible for a large section along the Russian western border. Especially during the Napoleonic wars and the continental blockade benefited Radyvyliv from intensive goods traffic that is only 10 km away, but already in Austrian Galicia lying Brody was settled, with a large proportion of goods illegally transported across the border.

In the course of the administrative reforms of Alexander II , Radyvyliw became the seat of an eponymous administrative district ( Volost ) in the district ( Ujesd ) Kremenez in 1866 , but did not gain official city status. As a result of the railway connection to the international rail network established in 1873 (today the Lviv – Sdolbuniw line ) and the slow start of industrialization , the population grew from around 2,500 to 7,500 between 1870 and 1890, despite a devastating fire in 1882, and doubled again by 1910. Due to the fierce fighting during the First World War and the subsequent Polish-Ukrainian and Polish-Soviet war , the population decreased to less than 5,000 by 1923.

In the interwar period, Radyvyliw was initially part of the Ukrainian People's Republic, which existed between 1918 and 1920 . This could never really enforce their sovereignty over the city, so that Radywyliw was part of the Volhynian Voivodeship within the Polish Second Republic until 1939 . In the course of the secret additional protocol of the Hitler-Stalin Pact of August 1939, Radyvyliw was annexed by the Soviet Union and in 1940 received city ​​status under the name Chervonoarmiysk ( Red Army City). After the attack on the USSR, the city was conquered by the Wehrmacht on June 30, 1941 and remained occupied by German troops until March 19, 1944. (The struggle for the liberation of Chervonoarmysk lasted four months and destroyed most of the city's old buildings.) As early as 1942, the majority (approx. 3,000 people) of the city's Jewish population was murdered in the nearby town of Porokhovna. Part of the Ukrainian population joined the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) . Most of the city's Polish residents were displaced either during the war (by the UPA) or after the war under the resettlement agreement between the People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union.

After the Second World War , the gradual influx of Ukrainian peasants from the former Jewish-Polish-Ukrainian (until 1918 also Russian by the tsarist administrative officials ) turned into an almost exclusively Ukrainian town. After Ukraine regained independence in 1991, Chervonoarmiysk returned to its historic name on March 3, 1993. However, the supposedly older form Radywyliw is used and not the Ukrainian name Radsywyliw, which was used until 1939 .

Attractions

  • The Soviet heroes' memorial with honorary graves is located on the site of the former Jewish cemetery , which is still remembered by six tombstones piled up to form a memorial mound.

Personalities

literature

  • Balzac, Honoré de: Lettre sur Kiew. Fragment inédit. Paris 1927
  • Teodorovič, NI: Istoriko-statističeskie opisanie cerkvej i prichodov Volynskoj eparchii, tom III Uezdy Kremeneckij i Zaslavskij. Počaev 1893
  • Wasiutyński, Bohdan: Ludność żydowska w Polsce w wiekach XIX i XX. Studjum statystyczne. Warszawa 1930
  • Radziwillow, Sefer Zikaron (A memorial to the Jewish community of Radziwillow, Wolyn) (1966), Y. Adini, Ed., (Tel Aviv: The Radziwillow Organization in Israel)
  • Paulus Adlesgruber, L. Cohen, B. Kuzmany: Separated and Yet Connected: Border Towns Between Austria and Russia 1772-1918 , Vienna 2011, ISBN 9783205786252
  • Radziwiłłów , in: Guy Miron (Ed.): The Yad Vashem encyclopedia of the ghettos during the Holocaust . Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 2009 ISBN 978-965-308-345-5 , pp. 640f.
  • Alexander Kruglov, Martin Dean: Radziwiłłów , in: Martin Dean (Ed.): The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945. Vol. 2, ghettos in German-Occupied Eastern Europe: Part B . Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-253-00227-3 , pp. 1452-1454

Web links

Commons : Radywyliw  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Відповідно до Закону України "Про добровільне об'єднання територіальних громад" у Рівненській області у Радивилівському районі: Радивилівська міська та Башарівська, Дружбівська, Немирівська, Підзамчівська сільські ради рішеннями від 17 та 22 вересня 2015