Petro Konashevytsch-Sahaidachnyj

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Hetman Petro Konaschewytsch-Sahaidachnyj, anonymous portrait from the 18th century

Petro Konaschewytsch-Sahaidatschnyj ( Ukrainian Петро Конашевич Сагайдачний , pol. Piotr Konaszewicz-Sahajdaczny *  1570 in Kultschyzi , then the Kingdom of Poland , today Ukraine ; † 20th April 1622 in Kiev ) is a Ukrainian military leaders, politicians, and 1614 to 1622 was Hetman of Zaporozhian Cossacks .

Life

Petro attended school in Sambor and then graduated from the Ostroger Academy in Volhynia . He was a schoolmate of Meletji Smotritskji , the later archbishop and author of a Hramatika , which served many generations of Ukrainians, Russians and Belarusians as the basis of the Slavic language. The city of Ostrog was a great cultural and ideological center of Orthodoxy , which published many works against Catholicism and Church Union . Sahaidachnyj moved to Lviv and then to Kiev, where he became the assistant and tutor of the Kiev judge I. Aksak. At a young age he learned military weapon service and the art of riding. He joined the Zaporozhian Cossacks and took part in Cossack military expeditions to Moldova in 1600 and to Livonia in 1601. His talent for military strategy, his courage and his ability to demonstrate leadership skills under great adversity and difficulty, he acquired under the Otaman Samiylo Kishka.

Leader of the Zaporozhian Cossacks

He moved to Zaporozhye in 1605 , where he was elected Kosh Otaman of the Zaporozhian Cossacks . Under his leadership, the Cossacks carried out major campaigns against the Crimean Tatars. The Cossack fleet captured the Varna fortress and destroyed a strong Ottoman flotilla. In 1616, his troops landed on the Crimean peninsula, storming Kaffa and liberating many Christian slaves. While he was still fighting the Turks, the Polish-Lithuanian Union asked the Cossacks for support in the war against the Moscow Empire .

The Polish King Władysław IV wanted Sahaidatschnyj to cover the southern flank of the Polish army with 20,000 Cossacks. The Cossacks occupied the cities of Putywl , Kursk , Livny and Jelets one after the other . The Moscow troops under the voivode Grigory Volkonsky forced the Cossacks to take a detour, but could not stop the advance of the Cossack regiments over Serpukhov . In September 1618 the Cossacks were thrown back by a Russian army under Vasily Buturlin . The combined army of Jan Karol Chodkiewicz and Sahaidatschnyj besieged Moscow and tried unsuccessfully to storm the Arbat gates on October 11th. During this raid, the city of Serpukhov and, in early December, the city of Kaluga were captured. The entire campaign finally culminated in December 1618 with the signing of the Treaty of Deulino , which led to the greatest territorial expansion of the Polish-Lithuanian Union. Sahaidachnyj and his Cossacks had positioned themselves as supporters of Orthodox Christianity, but left great havoc that stretched from Livny to Moscow and back to Kaluga and Kiev, including Orthodox churches, towns and villages. Sahaidachnyj returned to Zaporizhia and became Kosh Otaman and Hetman of Ukraine. In order to avoid conflicts with Poland, Sahaidachnyj agreed to limit his Cossack registers to 3,000 men and forbade all Cossack attacks on the Black Sea coast that were not authorized by the king .

Church politics

Sahaidachnyj not only fought for autonomy, but also for the religious and cultural rights of the Cossack people on both banks of Ukraine. In 1620 he and the heads of the Zaporozhian leadership registered as members of the Kiev Epiphany Brotherhood, the forerunner of today's Kiev Mohyla Academy , in order to save the Orthodox educational institution from being converted into a Roman Catholic Jesuit college . He also contributed to the establishment of a cultural center in Kiev and tried to unite the Cossack military with the Ukrainian clergy and nobility. At the beginning of 1620 he sent an envoy to Moscow around the patriarch Theophanes III, who was staying there . from Jerusalem for a visit to Ukraine. Sahaidachny's messengers convinced the patriarch to renew the old orthodox hierarchy that had been dissolved and that had been abolished by the establishment of the Greek Catholic Church. Theophanes III. still accused the Cossacks of participating in the Moscow campaign and foretold their doom in the afterlife for these acts. The patriarch then agreed and appointed Iov Boretzky Metropolitan Kiev and five other bishops. Since the Polish-Lithuanian Empire threatened theophanes III. arrested as a spy, the patriarch was guaranteed personal protection by Sahaidachnyj. After the new hierarchy had been installed, a 3,000-strong Cossack army accompanied the patriarch to the Ottoman border. The Polish-Lithuanian Empire then also accepted the appointment as a given, because it wanted to maintain close contacts with the Cossacks after the Turks had defeated the Polish army on September 19, 1621 in the Battle of Ţuţora . Sahaidachny's moderate policy towards the Poles provoked much discontent and many Cossacks chose Jatsko Borodavka as their hetman.

Campaign to Chotyn

Petro Sahaidatschnyj took part with his Cossacks on the side of Poland-Lithuania in the war against the Ottoman Empire . The decisive battle at Chotyn lasted until October 1621 , in which Cossacks and Polish troops fought together against a numerically doubly superior Ottoman army. The battle lasted for over a month, until Sultan Osman II was forced to withdraw with his weakened forces because of the onset of winter. Sahaidachnyj and his Cossacks played an important role in the battle, forcing the Turks to sign an unfavorable peace treaty. On April 20, 1622 Sahaidachnyj died in Kiev from wounds he had sustained in the battle and was later buried in the Bratzki monastery in Kiev. For clerical reasons he left his enormous fortune to the Orthodox brotherhoods in Kiev and Lviv.

Late honors

  • Sahaidachnyj Monument on Kontraktowa Square in Kiev

  • The hetman and his boat on a Ukrainian coin

  • The hetman on a Ukrainian postage stamp

literature

Web links

Commons : Petro Konaschewytsch-Sahaidachnyj  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Homepage of the sculptors Sydoruk and Krylow; Retrieved August 26, 2010
personal data
SURNAME Konashevytsch-Sahaidachnyj, Petro
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Конашевич Сагайдачний, Петро (Ukrainian); Konaszewicz-Sahajdaczny, Piotr (Polish)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ukrainian military leader, politician and ataman of the Zaporozhian Cossacks
DATE OF BIRTH 1570
PLACE OF BIRTH Kultschyzi , then Kingdom of Poland , now Ukraine
DATE OF DEATH April 20, 1622
Place of death Kiev , then Kingdom of Poland, now Ukraine