Gymnocharacinae
The division of living beings into systematics is a continuous subject of research. Different systematic classifications exist side by side and one after the other. The taxon treated here has become obsolete due to new research or is not part of the group systematics presented in the German-language Wikipedia.
The Gymnocharacinae was now a no longer valid (recognized) subfamily of the real tetras (Characidae). The subfamily has a remarkable, disjoint distribution and occurs in Colombia and Ecuador, in the upper reaches of the Río Paraná in southeastern Brazil and in the Rio Valcheta in the basin of the Rio Negro in central Argentina.
features
The types of Gymnocharacinae reach body lengths of 3.6 to 8 cm. Diagnostic features of the subfamily are the absence of teeth on the gill rake , bony cusps on the fin rays and the absence of an adipose fin .
Systematics
The subfamily Gymnocharacinae was set up in 1910 by the German-American ichthyologist Carl H. Eigenmann with the Patagonian brass tetra ( Gymnocharacinus bergii ), the species of tetras found furthest south, as the only species. The French ichthyologist Jacques Géry said he found similarities with a generalized Hemibrycon -like tetragonopterin, and classified the group only as a tribe Gymnocharacini. Miquelarena & Arámburu listed 22 traits that distinguished Gymnocharacinus bergii from Géry's tetragonopterins and gave the group again the rank of a subfamily. The Argentine ichthyologist Juan Marcos Mirande also assigned the genera Coptobrycon and Grundulus in 2009 and Nematobrycon to the subfamily in 2010 .
Genera and species
The species-poor subfamily today contains seven species in four genera.
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Coptobrycon Géry, 1966
- Coptobrycon bilineatus (Ellis, 1911)
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Grundulus Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846
- Grundulus bogotensis (Humboldt, 1821)
- Grundulus cochae Román-Valencia, Paepke & Pantoja, 2003
- Grundulus quitoensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz C. & Barriga, 2005
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Gymnocharacinus Steindachner, 1903
- Patagonian brass tetra ( Gymnocharacinus bergii Steindachner, 1903)
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Nematobrycon Eigenmann, 1911
- Red-eye emperor tetra ( Nematobrycon lacortei ) Weitzman & Fink, 1971
- Emperor tetra ( Nematobrycon palmeri Eigenmann, 1911)
literature
- Francisco Langeani, Jane Piton Serra: Coptobrycon bilineatus (Ellis, 1911) (Characiformes: Characidae): redescription and comments on its phylogenetic relationships. Neotrope. ichthyol. vol. 8 no.4 Porto Alegre 2010, doi: 10.1590 / S1679-62252010000400004 , ISSN 1679-6225
- Juan Marcos Mirande: Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): from characters to taxonomy. Neotrope. ichthyol. vol. 8 no.3 Porto Alegre 2010, doi: 10.1590 / S1679-62252010000300001
