Hands of the cause
The hands of the cause or hands of the cause of God were Baha'i , who were appointed for life by Bahāʾullāh , ʿAbdul -Baha ' and Shoghi Effendi respectively , and whose main task was to spread and protect the Baha'i faith. In total there were fifty hands of the cause, four of which were appointed by Bahāʾullāh, four by ʿAbdul-Baha ', and 42 by Shoghi Effendi. When Shoghi Effendi died, 27 of the hands of the cause were still alive. Today the title is no longer awarded and with Ali Muhammad Varqa the last hand of the matter died. The House of Justice is currently taking over the leadership of the worldwide Baha'i community.
The hands of the cause
Appointed by Bahāʾullāh
- Haji Mulla Ali-Akbar (1842-1910)
- Haji Mirza Muhammad-Taqi (? –1917)
- Mirza Muhammad-Hasan (1848-1919)
- Mirza Ali-Muhammad (? –1928)
Appointed by ʿAbdul-Baha '
- Aqa Muhammad-i-Qa'ini (1829-1892)
- Mirza Ali-Muhammad Varqa (? –1896)
- Mulla Sadiq-i-Muqaddas
- Shaykh Muhammad-Riday-i-Yazdi
Appointed posthumously by Shoghi Effendi
- John Ebenezer Esslemont (1874-1925)
- Haji Amin (1831-1928)
- Keith Ransom-Kehler (1876-1933)
- Martha Root (1872-1939)
- John Henry Hyde Dunn (1855-1941)
- Siyyid Mustafa Rumi (? –1942)
- Abdu'l-Jalil Bey Sa'd (? –1942)
- Muhammed Taqiy-i-Isfahani (? –1946)
- Roy C. Wilhelm (1875–1951)
- Louis George Gregory (1874-1951)
The First Hands of the Cause Appointed by Shoghi Effendi (December 24, 1951)
- Dorothy Beecher Baker (1898-1954)
- Amelia Engelder Collins (1873–1962)
- Ali-Akbar Furutan (1905-2003)
- Ugo Giachery (1896–1989)
- Hermann Grossmann (1899–1968)
- Horace Hotchkiss Holley (1887-1960)
- Leroy C. Ioas (1896-1965)
- William Sutherland Maxwell (1874-1952)
- Taraz'u'llah Samandari (1874–1968)
- Valiyu'llah Varqa (1884–1955)
- George Townshend (1876–1957)
- Charles Mason Remey (1874–1974)
The Second Hands of the Cause Appointed by Shoghi Effendi (May 29, 1952)
- Siegfried Schopflocher (1877–1953)
- Shu'a'u'llah Ala'i (1889-1984)
- Musa Banani (1886–1971)
- Clara Dunn (1869-1960)
- Dhikru'llah Khadem (1904-1986)
- Adelbert Mühlschlegel (1897–1980)
- Corinne Knight True (1861-1961)
Appointed by Shoghi Effendi (year of appointment)
- Ruhiyyih Khanum (1910-2000) (1952)
- Jalal Khadih (1897–1990) (1953)
- Paul Edmond Haney (1909-1982) (1954)
- Ali-Muhammad Varqa (1911-2007) (1955)
- Agnes Baldwin Alexander (1875–1971) (1957)
The last hands of the cause appointed by Shoghi Effendi
- Hasan Balyuzi (1908–1980)
- Abu'l-Qasim Faizi (1906–1980)
- John Ferraby (1914-1973)
- Collis Featherstone (1913-1990)
- Rahmatu'llah Muhajir (1923-1979)
- Enoch Olinga (1926–1979)
- John Aldham Robarts (1901-1991)
- William Sears (1911-1992)
See also
- Apostle of Baha'u'llah
- Letters of the living
- Baha'u'llah family
- List of the disciples of Abdu'l Baha
- Knight of Baha'u'llah
Notes and individual references
- ↑ Arabic أيادي أمر الله, DMG ayādin amr Allāh , lit. "the hands of the cause (command, instruction) of God"
literature
- Baha'u'llah: Kitab-i-Aqdas - The Most Holy Book . Bahai Verlag, Hofheim-Langenhain 2000, ISBN 3-87037-339-3 ( online ).
- Baha'u'llah: Tablets of Bahá'u'llah Revealed After the Kitáb-i-Aqdas . Bahá'í Publishing Trust, Wilmette, Illinois, USA 1994, ISBN 0-87743-174-4 ( online ).
- Shoghi Effendi: Bahá'í Administration . Bahá'í Publishing Trust, Wilmette, Illinois, USA 1974, ISBN 0-87743-166-3 ( online ).
- Shoghi Effendi: Principles of Bahá'í Administration . Bahá'í Publishing Trust, London, UK 1976, ISBN 0-900125-13-6 .
- Barron Harper: Lights of Fortitude . Ed .: George Ronald. Oxford, UK 1997, ISBN 0-85398-413-1 .
- Helen Hornby: Lights of Guidance: A Bahá'í Reference File . Bahá'í Publishing Trust, New Delhi, India 1983, ISBN 81-85091-46-3 ( online ).
- Ruhiyyih Khanum: The Ministry of the Custodians 1957-1963 . Bahá'í World Center, 1992, ISBN 0-85398-350-X ( online ).
Web links
- Pictures of the hands of the matter (English)
- The Hands of the Cause (English)
- Embassy of Shoghi Effendi on the appointment of twelve Hands of the Cause of 1951 (English)
- Embassy of Shoghi Effendi on the appointment of seven new Hands of the Cause of 1952 (English)
- Remembering the Hands of the Cause - history, appointments and other details (English)