Hūd ibn Muhakkam

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Hūd ibn Muhakkam (version: Muḥkim) al-Hawwārī, Arabic هود بن محكم الهواري, DMG Hūd ibn Muḥakkam al-Hawwārī (died in the second half of the 9th century), was an Ibāḍitischer Koranexegete in North Africa. Little is known about his life. It is believed that he lived as a Berber from the Hawwāra (also: Huwwāra) tribe in the region of the Auras Mountains in what is now Algeria . All that is known about his father is that he held the office of Qādī under Aflaḥ ibn ʿAbd al-Wahhāb (823-871), the imam of the Rustamids (778-909) .

His commentary on the Koran appeared for the first time in 1990 based on the submission of five Ibaḍite manuscripts in four volumes. The publisher of the work, a Ibāḍit in Algeria, is in the introduction determines the edition that the author wrote apparently not have its own commentary on the Qur'an, but that in North Africa, especially in Qairawan known Tafseer -Werk of Yahya ibn Sallam al-Basri (died . 815) presented in an abridged version without naming the author of the original. In one of the manuscripts it is stated as a margin note that the work was merely "attributed" to Hūd ibn Muḥakkam ( muḍāf ilā ).

The ibāḍitic historian Ibn Sallām († 887) dedicates his bathʾ al-islām wa-šarāʾiʿ ad-dīn بدء الإسلام وشرائع الدين / 'The Beginning of Islam and the Laws of Religion' wrote an entire chapter to those like-minded people, including members of the Huwwāra, who settled in and around Qairawān and participated in the life of scholars there. These contacts are likely to have given Ibāḍites access to the Qur'an commentary by Yaḥyā ibn Sallām al-Baṣrī, which is known in the city.

The importance of the four-volume commentary lies above all in the fact that Ibn Muḥakkam cites the Koran exegesis of Yaḥyā ibn Sallām al-Baṣrī throughout, thus providing access to this work, which is only available in fragments and partial editions.

literature

  • Fuat Sezgin : History of Arabic Literature. Volume 1, p. 41. Brill, Leiden 1967.
  • Josef van Ess : Investigations into some Ibāḍitischen manuscripts . In: Journal of the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft (ZDMG), 126 (1976), pp. 25ff. Here: pp. 42–43.
  • Claude Gilliot : The Koranic Commentary of the Ibāḍite Hūd b. Muḥkim / Muḥakkam . In: ZDMG, Supplementary Volume XI: XXVI (1995), pp. 243-249.
  • Sammoud, Hammadi: Un exégète oriental en Ifriqiya: Yaḥyā b. Sallam . In: Institut des belles lettres arabes (IBLA) 33 (1970–1972), pp. 227–242.
  • Belḥāǧǧ Saʿīd Šarīfī (Ed.): Tafsīr Kitāb Allāh al-ʿAzīz of Hūd b. Muḥakkam al-Huwwārī. ("The Exegesis of God's Honorable Book"). 4 volumes. Dār al-Ġarb al-Islāmī. Beirut 1990. Vol. 1, pp. 5-38 (editor's introduction).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Encyclopaedia of Islam . New Edition. Brill, suffering. Volume 3, p. 295.
  2. ↑ Belḥāǧǧ Saʿīd Šarīfī, p. 13.
  3. ^ The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Brill, suffering. Volume 7, p. 638.
  4. ↑ Brief description of the manuscripts in Claude Gilliot (1995), p. 244 and in Belḥāǧǧ Saʿīd Šarīfī, pp. 40–43
  5. ↑ Fuat Sezgin (1967), p. 39.
  6. ↑ Belḥāǧǧ Saʿīd Šarīfī, pp. 20-23.
  7. ↑ Josef van Ess (1976), p. 43. Note 38.
  8. ↑ See: Werner Schwartz: The beginnings of the Ibadites in North Africa . The contribution of an Islamic minority to the spread of Islam. Pp. 31–32 and note 5; P. 337 (index). Bonn 1983 (studies on the minority problem in Islam 8).
  9. ↑ Eds. Werner Schwartz and aš-Šaiḫ Sālim ibn Yaʿqūb. Bibliotheca Islamica . Volume 33.Wiesbaden 1986
  10. ↑ See pp. 132–135.
  11. ↑ Belḥāǧǧ Saʿīd Šarīfī, pp. 15-17.
  12. ↑ Claude Gilliot (1995), pp. 244-248.
personal data
SURNAME Hūd ibn Muhakkam
ALTERNATIVE NAMES هود بن محكم الهواري & lrm (Arabic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ibāitischer Koranexeget
DATE OF BIRTH 8th century or 9th century
DATE OF DEATH 9th century