HAL (robot suit)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Man wearing a prototype version of the HAL robotic suit from 2005 (left)

The Hybrid Assistive Limb , shortly HAL (hybrid supporting limb) is a servo exoskeleton suit that of the Tsukuba University in Japan and the robotics -Unternehmens Cyberdyne Inc. was developed. It was designed to support and expand the physical abilities of its users, especially those with physical disabilities. There are two prototype versions of this system:

  • HAL 3, which only offers leg functions and
  • HAL 5, which is a full body exoskeleton for arms, legs and torso. HAL 5 allows the user to lift and carry five times as much weight as without.

In 2011, Cyberdyne and Tsukuba University jointly announced that the hospital trials of the full-body HAL robotic suit would start in 2012, with tests running until 2014 or 2015. By October 2012, HAL robotic suits were in use in 130 different medical institutions across Japan. In February 2013, the HAL system was the first servo exoskeleton to receive global safety certification.

history

The first HAL prototype was proposed by Yoshiyuki Sankai ( Japanese 嘉 之 山海 ), a professor at Tsukuba University. Fascinated by robots from an early age, Sankai aspired to make a robotic suit to help people. 1989 after obtaining the Ph.D. in robotics, he started developing HAL. Sankai spent three years (1990–1993) locating the neurons that control leg movement. It took him and his team another four years to construct a prototype of the hardware.

The third HAL prototype, developed in the early 2000s, was attached to a computer. Its battery alone weighed almost 22 pounds and it took two helpers to get it dressed, which was extremely inconvenient. Cyberdyne's newer HAL-5 model weighs only 10 kg and the battery and control unit are attached to the user's waist.

Cyberdyne started renting the robotic suits for medical purposes in 2008. By October 2012, over 300 HAL robotic suits were in use by 130 medical institutions and nursing homes across Japan. The robotic suit is only available in Japan for institutional rental at a rental price of $ 2,000. In December 2012 Cyberdyne was ISO-13485 certified - an international quality standard for medical devices by Underwriters Laboratories . At the end of February 2013, the HAL robot suit received a worldwide safety certificate, making it the first servo exoskeleton. In August 2013 Cyberdynes HAL received an EC certificate ("European Conformity") in accordance with the ( Medical Device Directive ; MDD / directive for medical devices) as the world's first robotic device for medical treatment.

HAL in Germany

In the summer of 2012, two European clinics were initially equipped with the robot suit. In October 2012, the first center in Europe for neurorobotal movement training with HAL robot suits was opened at the Bergmannsheil University Hospital in Bochum . After the end of the test phase, a German-Japanese joint venture ("Cyberdyne Care Robotics GmbH" with Cyberdyne, Japan and the employers' liability insurance association for raw materials and chemical industry (BGRCI) as shareholders) was founded to market HAL throughout Europe (initially in Germany, Austria and Switzerland) -Robot suits.

mechanics

When moving, nerve signals are sent from the brain via the movement neurons to the muscles that set the musculoskeletal system in motion. This creates low-threshold bio-signals that can be detected and derived from the skin surface. The HAL robotic suit registers these signals through a sensor on the wearer's skin and transmits them to its servo unit, which moves the respective joint to be supported. The HAL robotic suit has both a "voluntary control system" that can be activated by the user and a "robotic autonomous control system" for automatic movement support.

Users / target groups

HAL was developed to support the disabled and the elderly in their everyday life, but can also be used to relieve workers with physically demanding activities (e.g. disaster rescue or construction work). HAL is mainly used by disabled patients in hospitals and can be modified so that they can use it for long-term rehabilitation.

During the 2011 Consumer Electronics Show (CES), it announced that the United States government had expressed an interest in purchasing HAL robotic suits. In March 2011, CYBERDYNE introduced a leg-only HAL version for the disabled, caregivers and factory workers. In November 2011, HAL was selected to carry out clean-up operations on the Fukushima nuclear disaster site . During the "Japan Robot Week exhibition" (German: "Messe Japanische Roboterwoche") in Tokyo in October 2012, a revised version of HAL was presented, which had been specially developed for the clean-up work in Fukushima. In March 2013, ten Japanese hospitals conducted clinical tests of the latest leg-only HAL system.

Scientific studies have shown that servo exoskeletons such as the HAL-5, in conjunction with specially designed therapeutic games, can stimulate cognitive activities and help disabled children to walk while they are playing. Further scientific studies have shown that HAL therapy can also help paraplegics and Post- stroke patients with lower extremity motor deficits benefit.

Latest Applications:

  • Running support from the Japanese police
  • Used by harvest workers in Japan
  • Used to raise money packages from bank employees in Japan

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Robot suit offers glimmer of hope to the paralysed (German: Robot suit offers glimmer of hope for the paralyzed) . In: Times of Malta . March 11, 2011. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  2. ↑ a b Robots to the rescue as an aging Japan looks for help . In: The Australian . October 13, 2012. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  3. ↑ a b Japan robot suit gets global safety certificate (German: Japanese robot suit receives worldwide safety certificate) . AFP. February 27, 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
  4. ↑ Cyberdyne power suit . YouTube . July 31, 2009. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  5. ↑ HAL, a friend for people with disabilities (German: HAL, a friend for people with disabilities) . In: Nipponia . Web Japan. September 15, 2006. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  6. ↑ The design, manufacture and servicing of wearable lower limb exoskeleton devices for rehabilitation and physical training (German: The design, manufacture and maintenance of a wearable exoskeleton for the lower extremities for rehabilitation and movement therapy) (PDF; 65 kB) Underwriters Laboratories. December 11, 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  7. ↑ TÜV Rheinland Issues EC certificate for Cyberdyne's Medical Robot Suit HAL® (German: TÜV-Rheinland issues EC certificate for Cyberdyne's Medical Robot Suit HAL®) . TÜV Rheinland. August 7, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
  8. ↑ derwesten / (mp): Research: Why paraplegics can walk again with a new robot suit. May 25, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2013 .
  9. ↑ a b Ben Schwan: Exoskeleton: Learning to walk again. In: Heise Online. August 25, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017 .
  10. ↑ derwesten / dapd: Medicine: Japan's robotic suit for paralyzed people is being tested in Bochum. September 10, 2012, accessed August 26, 2013 .
  11. ↑ derwesten / Jürgen Stahl: Wissenschaft: Bochum robot technology is now being marketed across Europe. August 16, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2013 .
  12. ↑ H. Kawamoto, S. Taal, H. Niniss, T. Hayashi, K. Kamibayashi, K. Eguchi, Y. Sankai: Voluntary motion support control of Robot Suit HAL triggered by bioelectrical signal for hemiplegia. In: Conference proceedings: ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference. Volume 2010, 2010, ISSN  1557-170X , pp. 462-466, doi : 10.1109 / IEMBS.2010.5626191 , PMID 21095652 .
  13. ↑ CES Spotlight: Japanese Robot Exoskeletons . January 12, 2011. Archived from the original on January 23, 2013. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 28, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / mylifescoop.com
  14. ↑ Cyberdyne demos lower-body HAL exoskeleton for helping the disabled, not eradicating mankind (video) (German: Cyberdyne demonstrates a HAL exoskeleton for the lower extremities to help the disabled and not to eradicate mankind) . March 15, 2011. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
  15. ↑ Robotic Exoskeletons from Cyberdyne Could Help Workers Clean Up Fukushima Nuclear Mess (German: Robotic Exoskeletons from Dyberdyne Could Help Workers Eliminate the Fukushima Nuclear Mess) . In: Scientific American . November 9, 2011. Retrieved November 27, 2011.
  16. ↑ New HAL Exoskeleton: Brain-Controlled Full Body Suit to Be Used In Fukushima Cleanup (German: New HAL Exoskeleton: brain-controlled full body suit for use when cleaning up in Fukushima) . Neurogadget.com. October 18, 2012. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  17. ↑ Hospitals to test robot suit to help patients walk . In: The Asahi Shimbun . February 9, 2013. Archived from the original on February 13, 2013. Retrieved on February 17, 2013.
  18. ↑ Computers for the Development of Young Disabled Children - Introduction to the Special Thematic Session . ACM.org. 2002. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
  19. ↑ Influence of Virtual Reality Soccer Game on Walking Performance in Robotic Assisted Gait Training for Children . AbleData.com. April 2010. Archived from the original on October 18, 2013. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 26, 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.abledata.com
  20. ↑ H. Fukuda, T. Morishita, T. Ogata, K. Saita, K. Hyakutake, J. Watanabe, E. Shiota, T. Inoue: Tailor-made rehabilitation approach using multiple types of hybrid assistive limb robots for acute stroke patients : A pilot study. In: Assistive technology: the official journal of RESNA. Volume 28, number 1, 2016, pp. 53-56, doi : 10.1080 / 10400435.2015.1080768 , PMID 26478988 .
  21. ↑ Exoskeletons in the rehabilitation of paraplegics - possibilities and limits . Retrieved January 29, 2016.
  22. ↑ Berliner Morgenpost / Photos: Getty: Easier life than Cyborg (5 photos). August 26, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2013 .
  23. ↑ Axel Kannenberg / picture: Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corp .: Japanese bank tests exoskeletons for money transports (1 picture). Heise Online, May 10, 2015, accessed on May 11, 2015 .