Hagi pottery
The Hagi pottery ( Japanese 萩 焼 , Hagi-yaki ) comes from the Japanese prefecture of Yamaguchi . The stoneware is characterized by a light glaze with a craquelée pattern ( 嵌入 , kannyū ). Hagi ceramics are mostly handcrafted tea sets for everyday use ( 茶 道具 , chadōgu ), flower vases and sake vessels. There are also figures and water containers ( 水 指 , mizusashi ) in smaller numbers .
The tea bowls often have a notch in the foot. It is not a matter of intentional “damage” to the goods by the manufacturers in order to be able to sell these products, which are actually reserved for the higher social milieus, to the common citizen, but rather it served to stack several bowls one inside the other and with a cord made of plant fibers to tie.
The Hagi pottery "matures" when it is used to make tea. As tannin components set in the craquelure pattern, this gradually becomes even more apparent. In the photo it can be seen that the bowls have different sizes as a typical feature of Japan; Traditionally, the larger bowl is reserved for men, while the smaller bowl is reserved for women.
Like the styles Karatsu , Agano , Satsuma , Takatori and Arita, ceramics have their origins in Korean pottery, since after the invasion of Korea in 1596 by Toyotomi Hideyoshi's army in the Imjin War, craftsmen were abducted to Japan.
The two Korean brothers I Chak-kwang ( 李 勺 光 , Japanese reading: Ri Shakkō ) and I Kyung ( 李 敬 , Japanese reading: Ri Kei ) as well as I Chak-kwang's son Yamamura Shimbē Mitsumasa are considered the founders of the Hagi style ( 山村 新 兵衛 光 正 ) who worked around 1604 ( Keichō 9) in Matsumoto-Nakanokura near Hagis. They were employed by Mōri Terumoto ( 毛利輝 元 ) from Hagi, as it was common in the Edo period for the daimyo to own the necessary kilns. I Kyung was given the Japanese name Saka Kōraizaemon ( 坂 高麗 左衛 門 ) after the death of his older brother ; he and Yamamura founded the Fukagawa Hagi kiln. In 1663, the Matsumoto Hagi kiln was built by Miwa Kyūsetsu ( 三輪 休 雪 ). The first tea bowls ( 茶碗 , chawan ) were simple copies of Korean tea and rice bowls from the Joseon Dynasty . The shoe-shaped bowls ( 沓 形 , kutsugata ) by the Japanese tea master Furuta Oribe ( 古田 織 部 ) also had a certain influence . But neither did they achieve the tortuous asymmetry of his Momoyama Mino pottery . Hagi pottery up to Saka Kōraizaemon III. is usually referred to as ko-Hagi ( 古 萩 , "old Hagi [ceramic]").
The novelty of Hagi ceramics for Japanese ceramic art also consisted in the use of glaze. Hagi ceramic tea bowls are rarely adorned with painted motifs. The products get their color and structure variance on the one hand from the clay called daidō tsuchi ( 大道 土 ), discovered in 1717 - or its mixture with the more heat-resistant mitake tsuchi ( 金峯 土 ) - and on the other hand from the pine-fired firing process. Further nuances come from the glaze ( 藁 灰 釉 , isabaiyū or 白 萩 釉 , shirohagi gusuri ) based on wooden or rice straw ash ( warabai ) . Depending on the size of the object, Hagi ceramics are fired for between 14 and 40 hours in a slope kiln at 1180 to 1340 ° C.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Entry on Hagi ceramics in the Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System .
- ↑ "Japan, 1400-1600 AD"; in: Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, October 2002.
- ^ A b Robert Yellin, Hagi Ware: 400 Years of Tradition and Innovation , The Japan Times, January 13, 2001 .
- ↑ a b c Anneliese and Wulf Crueger: Paths to Japanese ceramics . 2nd Edition. Ernst Wasmuth Verlag, Tübingen, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-8030-3359-8 , pp. 105-111 .
- ↑ Examples of this type of ceramics .
- ↑ Introduction on the website of the Association for the Promotion of Traditional Craft Industries
Web links
- hagiyaki in the Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System (English)
