Mino pottery

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Example of a Mino ceramic, fan-shaped dinnerware in the Oribe style

Mino ceramics ( Japanese 美濃 焼 , Mino-yaki ) is the general name for Japanese ceramic products, which are mainly made in Kani , Mizunami , Toki and Tajimi in Gifu Prefecture (formerly: Mino Province ). Mino ceramics were declared as traditional handicrafts by the METI on July 22, 1978 . The Mino pottery accounts for about half of the pottery production, making the Tōnō region, in which the Mino pottery is made, the largest center of ceramic production in Japan.

overview

The Mino pottery goes back to the Sue pottery of the Heian period , which was found in the Kamakura period , especially in the vicinity of the city of Seto , as one of the " Six ancient kiln sites in Japan " under the name Ko-Seto ( 古 瀬 戸 ), "Old Seto ceramics", fired and developed in tunnel kilns ( anagama ). The first kilns in the province of Mino were scattered around the city of Toki as early as the early 15th century. Due to the chaos of war and Oda Nobunaga's economic policy , many potters from Seto moved to the region, settled down and set up a large number of kilns. These potters created the basis of Mino ceramics with the representative "Mino Momoyama ceramics" ( Diese 桃山 陶 , Mino Momoyama sue ) in the following epoch, the Azuchi Momoyama period . The Edo period brought two further developments: on the one hand, the tunnel kilns were replaced by multi- chamber slope kilns ( 連 房 式 登 窯 , renbōshiki-noborigama ), and on the other hand, with the Oribe ceramics, a new form of Mino ceramics was created, which is particularly suitable for Teaware was used. Center of the Edo period was then (the so-called "Ofukei ceramic" 御深井焼 , Ofukei-yaki ), n. Which is characterized by a transparent ash glaze and the use of feldspar fired. Since the end of the Edo period, Japanese and Western tableware has been mainly made from porcelain.

In addition to Oribe ceramics, Shino ceramics with mostly white glaze and largely without decoration is the second main form of Mino ceramics. One of the now rare old Shino ceramics is the tea bowl U no hanagaki ( 卯 花墻 ), which was declared a national treasure .

Living national treasure

The following people who made Mino ceramics were named potters as the Living National Treasure of Japan in the Handicrafts category:

  • Arakawa Toyozō (1894–1985), born in Tajimi , was named a national treasure in 1955 for his “Shino” and black glazed “Seto-kuro ceramics”.
  • Katō Hajime (1900–1968), born in Seto, was named a national treasure in 1961 for the technique of colored decoration ( irohe ) of ceramics.
  • Tsukamoto Kaiji (1912–1990), born in Toki, was named a national treasure in 1983 for the technique of white and blue-white decoration of ceramics.
  • Suzuki Osamu (1934-), born in Toki, was named a national treasure in 1994 for his "Shino ceramics" made in a gas furnace.

photos

literature

  • The six old ovens . In: Gabriele Fahr-Becker (Ed.): East Asian Art . 2nd Edition. Tandem Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-8331-6099-8 , pp. 593-598 (reprint).

Remarks

NoteThe name comes from a kiln that stood in the interior of the same name in Nagoya Castle owned by Owari-Tokugawa .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 志 野 茶碗 〈銘 卯 花墻 / › . In: Cultural Heritage Online. Cultural Affairs Office , accessed January 15, 2015 (Japanese).
  2. ↑ 御 深井 焼 . In: 日本 大 百科全書 (ニ ッ ポ ニ カ) at kotobank.jp. Retrieved January 15, 2015 (Japanese).