Hamza ibn ʿAlī
Hamza ibn ʿAlī ibn Ahmad ( Arabic حمزة بن علي بن أحمد, DMG Ḥamza b. ʿAlī b. Aḥmad ; * 985 in Zuzan; † in Mecca , probably 1021) was (originally) an Ismaili scholar and is considered the actual founder of the Druze religion.
Hamza "the Filzmacher" (al-Labbad) emigrated at a young age of Khorasan in the Fatimid -Hauptstadt Cairo , where since 996, the eccentric imam Caliph al-Hakim prevailed. In the Raidān mosque in front of the Victory Gate (Bāb an-Naṣr) he held teaching sessions and announced to his growing circle of disciples - as Hasan ibn Haidara al-Farghani al-Achram had done before - that al-Hakim was the incarnation of God and thus Islamic law is canceled. The 30 letters received, in which the “leader of the adepts” spread this doctrine, which was considered heretical, (the oldest dated from the year 1017) form the first two volumes of the canon of the holy Druze writings. The Turk Anusch-Tegin ad-Darzi, after whom the Druzen are named, also belonged to Hamza's followers. When al-Hakim disappeared in 1021 and increased Druze persecution began, Hamza fled to Mecca, where he was eventually executed.
literature
- Heinz Halm : The death of Ḥamza, the founder of the Druze religion. In: Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta. Volume 83, 1998, pp. 105-113
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hamza ibn ʿAlī |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Hamza ibn ʿAlī ibn Ahmad (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Druze prophet |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 985 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Zuzan , Khorasan |
| DATE OF DEATH | uncertain: 1021 |
| Place of death | Mecca |