Haweri
The Haweri ( Kurmanji Hawêrî) are a very large jesidischer strain (extended family) and have existed for at least 800 years. The Haweris have their settlement area mainly in northern Iraq in the region around Zaxo .
origin
The Haweris are ethno-religious and belong to the ancient religion of Yezidism . They lived from around 1200 until the end of the Ottoman Empire in the regions around Silopi and Cizira Botan in what is now Turkey. When the Turkish state was established, all men in Turkey had to do military service. Added to this was Turkey's policy of forced Islamization. All Haweris resisted and no longer wanted to be suppressed or Islamized by the Turkish government. So they decided to move to neighboring Iraq. Little by little , all the Haweris left the Silopi region and settled south of Zaxo in the Derabun region. It is estimated that there are around 50,000–70,000 Haweris worldwide. A large part also live in Germany, mainly in the federal states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony. Many Haweris also live in Syria, Armenia and Turkey. However, the Haweris in Turkey were forcibly Islamized, took on their Kurdish identity and still live in the Silopi and Cizira Botan regions, separated from the rest of the Haweris from Iraq.
Meaning of the name
The name "Haweri" is derived from the Kurmanji word "hew wêrî" and means in German "Those who no longer dared". The reason for this name is an event from the 12th or 13th century:
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The Haweris vowed to adopt a different religion because of an escalating and for them very painful dispute with the other Yazidis, and set off in the direction of today's city of Şırnak in Turkey. The Yazidi reformer Shîxadî (ʿAdī ibn Musāfir ) ordered the Yazidis , the Haweris (before that they were called Reshmal (kurmanji "black house") because they always wore black tents. This name was confirmed by several older Haweris.) From their path and convince them to continue to be Yazidis. The Haweris, however, did not allow anyone to dissuade them from their path. So a highly respected man from the Shêxs of the Yazidis named Shêx Mend decided that he had to go to the Haweris himself and turn them away from their decision. Shêx Mend made his way to the Haweris and reached them near Mount Cudi near the town of Cizira Botan in what is now Turkey. He turned into a snake and cut the Haweris off. The Haweris got very scared and then realized what a big mistake they were actually making. Shêx Mend then stayed with the Haweris for seven years and helped them with all their problems. The Haweris no longer dared to adopt another religion and stayed in this area until the end of the Ottoman Empire.
Since that event, Shêx Mend has become a very important person for the Haweris. The Haweris even swear by his name and consider Shêx Mend to be something very sacred. Because the Haweris no longer dared to convert to the Muslims due to the shape of the black snake, they were forever referred to by the other Yazidis as Haweris (kurmandschi "who no longer dared").
Sub-tribes
The Haweris tribe is divided into the following eight sub-tribes:
- Beîlga
- îska
- Bilêska
- Tahlga
- Mazeka
- Shihabga
- Issaî
- Daloga
Oppression by the Saddam regime
The Haweris also suffered greatly from the repressive policies of the former Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein . Many Haweris lost their lives as a result of the Saddam regime. The Haweris villages were destroyed by Saddam Hussein, Arabized and the Haweris were forcibly resettled. Since the fall of Saddam, the Haweris have been partially pushed back and assimilated by the Kurdish regional government .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mark Sykes-Kurdish Tribes (p. 10, No. 48). Retrieved June 6, 2016 .
- ↑ Haweri in Silopi. Accessed June 27, 2016 (German).
- ↑ Haweri immigration from Turkey (58). June 12, 2016, accessed June 12, 2016 (German).
- ↑ Origin (place) of the Haweris. Retrieved June 6, 2016 .
- ↑ The Haweri and Shex Mend (p. 15). Accessed June 12, 2016 (German).
- ↑ Origin of the name Haweri. Retrieved June 6, 2016 .