Sheikh Mand

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Sheikh Mand (Kurdish Shêx Mend ) is a holy person for the Eziden and was the prince of the principality of Kilis in the 13th century.

Sheikh Mand is the son of Sheikh Fakhr addin ibn Adi (Kurdish Shêx Fexredîn ). He plays an important role in the tradition of ezidischen tribe of Haweri and was a historical person.

Life

Sheikh Mand lived around the 13th century. He belongs to the Shamsanî clan of the Sheikhs of the Yazidis. The symbol of the Shamsani Sheikhs is a black snake. There is no precise information about the lifetime of Sheikh Mand. Xêrî Bozanî, a Yazidi intellectual, gives the year 1212-1290 in a long elaboration by the father of Sheikh Mand. Most authors share this statement with a difference of around 20-30 years. Thus, one can conclude that Sheikh Mand lived in the 13th century. His father Shêx Fexredîn was the last Adawi leader and led the Ezidis until his death. Shêx Fexredîn had good relations with the Mongols and married a Mongolian woman. Sheikh Mand is the older brother of Shêx Bedir, Shêx Aqub and Xatun Fexra.

Principality of Kilis

The principality of Kilis was the largest and most powerful principality of the Eziden . The leader of this principality was Sheikh Mand. That is why he is still called by the Yazidis as Shêxmand Pashayê Helebê (Kurdish for "The King of Aleppo"). The expansion of power in the principality was possible under Sheikh Mand because he had good relations with the Muslim and Kurdish-led Ayyubid empire of Salahdin. The Ayyubids held Sheikh Mand in high esteem and allowed him to rule the mainly Kurdish regions from Aleppo, Damascus to Kilis and Maras without interference. Under Sheikh Mand all religious communities of the Yazidis, Christians, Muslims and Jews lived peacefully side by side. In the Scherefname of Şerefhan the principality of Kilis and the Mand are described in detail.

Sheikh Mand and the Haweris

The Haweri , a large Yazidi tribe, greatly venerate Sheikh Mand and consider him a holy person. Sheikh Mand had prevented the Haweris from converting to Islam and protected the Haweris. He stayed with them for many years and continued to educate them. They got the name Hawêrî from Sheikh Mand because they no longer dared to go any further (in Kurdish Hawêrî means: who no longer dared). The Haweris fast one day for Sheikh Mand in December and always hold a pilgrimage festival in April in honor of Sheikh Mand in the Yazidi city of Khanke . To this day, the Shêxs of the Hawêrîs descend from Sheikh Mand. They are called Shêxê Sheikh Mand. They take care of the Hawêrîs and ensure that everyone lives peacefully and harmoniously with one another (compare religious festivals in Yezidism ). The Shêxê Sheikh Mand are specialists in detoxifying snake and scorpion poisoning. They are very good at dealing with snakes and they are prohibited from killing black snakes because in Ezidic mythology the black snake stands for the protection of the world. The black snake protected Noah's Ark from sinking and thus prevented the extinction of life on earth. The Haweris built a pilgrimage site for Sheikh Mand 150 km west of Mosul , the shrine Sheikh Mandi Pasha in Jaddala. Members of the IS terrorist group destroyed this shrine in 2014.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Izady, Mehrdad R .: The Sharafnama, or, The history of the Kurdish nation, 1597 . Mazda, Costa Mesa, Calif. 2005, ISBN 1-56859-074-1 .
  2. ↑ a b Diar Khalaf and Hayri Demir: Myth and legend of the Shex Mend and the symbol of the snake. January 10, 2013, accessed April 30, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Arakelova, Viktorii︠a︡, 1968-: The religion of the Peacock Angel: the Yezidis and their spirit world . Durham, UK, ISBN 978-1-84465-761-2 .
  4. ↑ Jindī, Khalīl, 1952-: God and Sheikh Adi are perfect: sacred poems and religious narratives from the Yezidi tradition . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-447-05300-3 .
  5. ^ Lescot Roger: Enquête sur les Yézidis de Syrie et du Djebel Sindjâr. Lebanon 1975, p. 104 .
  6. ↑ Izady, Mehrdad R .: The Sharafnama, or, The history of the Kurdish nation, 1597 . Mazda, Costa Mesa, Calif. 2005, ISBN 1-56859-074-1 .
  7. ^ Houtsma, M. Th. (Martijn Theodoor), 1851-1943 .: EJ Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936 . EJ Brill, Leiden 1987, ISBN 90-04-08265-4 .
  8. ↑ 2017-05-16T16: 52: 52-05: 00May 16th, 2017 | Categories: Iraq | Tags: Adam, Eve, Black Snake, creation: Yezidi Mythology - Creation, Floods, and a Large Black Snake. In: Servant Group International. May 16, 2017, Retrieved April 30, 2020 (American English).
  9. ^ Sheikh Mand Pasha. Retrieved May 31, 2020 (UK English).
  10. ↑ Report on the Protection of Civilians in the Armed Conflict in Iraq: 6 July to 10 September 2014. HUMAN RIGHTS Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights UND UNITEDNATIONSAssistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) Human Rights Office, 2014, accessed May 31 2020 (English).