Duke of Lancaster
Duke of Lancaster ( Duke of Lancaster ) was a British peerage , the three times in the Peerage of England was awarded.
The title is named after the honor , castle and city of Lancaster in the county of Lancashire . The real estate associated with the title, the Duchy of Lancaster , has been in the possession of the English or British monarchs since the title was last expired in 1413 .
Award
The first award of the title Duke of Lancaster took place on March 6, 1351 by Edward III. with the approval of Parliament to Henry of Grosmont , 4th Earl of Lancaster for his services to the English crown. Henry of Grosmont left no male heirs, whereupon the title expired with his death in 1361.
His possessions were divided between his two daughters Maud and Blanche . When Maud died childless in April 1362, the entire Lancaster inheritance went to Blanche and her husband John of Gaunt , 2nd Earl of Derby , the third eldest (reaching adulthood) son of Edward III. This was re-awarded the title of Duke of Lancaster by the king in the parliamentary session of November 13, 1362 . Under John of Gaunt, the re-established Duchy of Lancaster was expanded to include important possessions.
After the death of John of Gaunt in 1399, Richard II confiscated these properties while Gaunt's son and heir Henry Bolingbroke, 2nd Duke of Lancaster, remained in exile. He intervened and deposed Richard II in order to ascend the throne as Henry IV on October 13, 1399. The title expired by merging with the crown, while the territory passed the Duchy of Lancaster into the crown possession. As early as November 10, 1399, Henry IV gave the duchy to his son Henry of Monmouth and raised him to the third title of Duke of Lancaster . When he was crowned king as Henry V in 1413, the title expired and the duchy has been in the possession of the monarch ever since. Henry IV had decreed in 1399 that the Duchy of Lancaster should not be regarded as part of the crown property and that it should be administered separately from it. This special status was later confirmed by Edward IV and George V.
Duchy of Lancaster in modern times
Although the Duke title (Dukedom of Lancaster) formally expired in 1413, the ducal estate, the Duchy of Lancaster (Duchy of Lancaster) , continues. The English and British monarchs are unofficially referred to as the owners of the Duchy as the Duke of Lancaster . The duchy is still part of the personal, inherited property of the respective monarch, who draws the main part of his private income from him . It is managed separately from the Crown Estate .
List of the Dukes of Lancaster
Duke of Lancaster, first bestowal (1351)
- Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1306-1361)
Duke of Lancaster, second bestowal (1362)
- John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399)
- Henry Bolingbroke , 2nd Duke of Lancaster (1366 / 67–1413), crowned as Henry IV in 1399.
Duke of Lancaster, third award (1399)
- Henry of Monmouth , 1st Duke of Lancaster (1387–1422), crowned as Henry V in 1413.
Literature and web links
- Nicholas Harris Nicolas, William Courthope: The Historic Peerage of England. John Murray, London 1857, p. 278.
- Peerage: Lancaster (County) at Leigh Rayment's Peerage