Heteropterinae

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Heteropterinae
Spiegelfleck-Dickkopfffalter (Heteropterus morpheus)

Spiegelfleck-Dickkopfffalter (Heteropterus morpheus)

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Subordination : Glossata
Superfamily : Hesperioidea
Family : Thick-headed butterfly (Hesperiidae)
Subfamily : Heteropterinae
Scientific name
Heteropterinae
Aurivillius , 1925

The Heteropterinae are a subfamily of the thick-headed butterflies (Hesperiidae) within butterflies . It is a relatively species-rich subfamily with around 150 species in 12 or 16 genera.

features

In the morphological analysis, Warren et al. (2009) not a single synapomorphism, only unique to this group. However, the Heteroterinae can be characterized as Monophylum by the following combined features . The moths of this subfamily are relatively small, with a slender body that protrudes beyond the outer edge of the hind wings. The wings are comparatively wide. They don't have any secondary sexual characteristics. The second, "hairy" segment of the labial palps is elongated and stretched forward. The epiphysis, an extension on the anterior tibia, is reduced or absent. The disc cell on the hind wings is very long, whereas the disc cell on the fore wings is quite short. All representatives of the subfamily have the terminal pair of spurs on the metatibiae. In addition, there are characteristics in the sexual apparatus of males and females. In the females of most taxa, a well-developed appendix bursae protrudes beyond the anterior end of the corpus bursae. In the male genital system, the valves are generally symmetrical and uniform with a smooth, round "harp" and a hook-shaped ampulla that is roughened at the distal end. Uncus and Gnathos are often elongated, and most species also have a long aedeagus.

When the moths rest, they fold their wings upright over the thorax. When they warm themselves in the sun, the moths spread all four wings. The males of many species gather in moist areas of the ground, where they presumably examine the soil for its mineral content. They release some liquid to the bottom through the anus to loosen the minerals. Then they drink the resulting cocktail made from body fluid and dissolved minerals.

After molecular genetic studies on three gene regions ("cytochrome oxidase subunit I-subunit II", "elongation factor-1a" and "wingless") by Warren et al. (2008) the group is also supported by molecular genetic data, monophyletic.

Geographical occurrence and habitat

The subfamily occurs in the Afrotropic , Palearctic and very sparse in the Nearctic . Most of the species are neotropical . As far as is known, the caterpillars only feed on sweet grasses (Poaceae).

Systematics

The subfamily Heteropterinae includes according to Warren et al. (2008) the following genera (only the three species occurring in German-speaking countries are listed):

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Warren et al. (2009: p. 514/5)
  2. ↑ Ackery et al. (2002: p. 264ff.)
  3. ↑ Heteropterinae and Hesperiinae in Central Europe - Lepiforum
  4. ↑ Fauna Europaea

literature

  • Philipp R. Ackery, Rienk de Jong and Richard I. Vane-Wright: Butterflies: Hedylioidea, Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea. In: Kükenthal's Handbuch der Zoologie , 4 (35): pp. 262-300, Walter de Gruyter. Berlin, New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-015704-7 Google.books (not completely visible)
  • Andrew D. Warren, Joshua R. Ogawac and Andrew VZ Brower: Phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies and circumscription of tribes in the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea). Cladistics, 24: 642-676, Westort 2008 doi : 10.1111 / j.1096-0031.2008.00218.x
  • Andrew D. Warren, Joshua R. Ogawac and Andrew VZ Brower: Revised classification of the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea) based on combined molecular and morphological data. Systematic Entomology, 34: 467-523, 2009 doi : 10.1111 / j.1365-3113.2008.00463.x

Web links

Commons : Heteropterinae  - collection of images, videos and audio files