Hoca Çeşme

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Hoca Çeşme is a Neolithic settlement near Enez in Thrace in the Turkish province of Edirne . The settlement, a low tell , was partially excavated in 1990 by a team from Istanbul University under Mehmet Özdoğan .

During the excavations, seven stratigraphic horizons could be identified, which can be assigned to at least four settlement phases. The lowest building layer produced round houses with a diameter of 3–4 m. The ceramic, a monochrome black, well-polished product, corresponds to the late Neolithic ceramic of Anatolia .

In layer IV there is still a monochrome red ceramic, often with S-profiles, which can be connected to western Anatolia and the Turkish Aegean coast. In layer III, on the other hand, there are influences from today's Bulgarian area, namely the Karanovo- I culture , with red ceramics with white painting .

Absolute data: Hoca Çeşme IV ~ 6500-6100 cal BC Hoca Çeşme III ~ 6100-5750 cal BC.

From settlement phase II onwards there are square house floor plans. From phase I, the settlement was surrounded by a 1.20 m wide wall, the inside of which was smoothed and on which there were post marks of a palisade.

supporting documents

  1. ^ Bernhard Weninger et al .: The Neolithization of Southeast Europe as a result of the abrupt climate change around 8200 cal BP. In: D. Gronenborn (Ed.): Climate change and cultural change in Neolithic societies in Central Europe, 6700-2200 BC. Chr . Römisch-Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Mainz 2005, p. 92 ff.

literature

  • Necmi Karul, Jan-K. Bertram: From Anatolia to Europe: The ceramic sequence of Hoca Çeşme in Turkish Trace . In: C. Lichter (Ed.), How did Farming reach Europe? BYZAS 2 (Istanbul 2005), 117–129.
  • Mehmet Özdoğan : Hoca Çeşme - An Early Neolithic Anatolian colony in the Balkans? In: Man and the Animal World. Festschr. S. Bökonyi. Archaeolingua 8 (Budapest 1998), 435-451.
  • Mehmet Özdoğan: The Enez Hoca Çeşme Excavation . In: U. Esin et al. (Ed.), Istanbul University's contributions to archeology in Turkey (1932-2000) , Istanbul 2001, 41–43.
  • Mehmet Özdoğan: Northwestern Turkey: Neolithic cultures between the Balkans and Anatolia . In: M. Özdoğan / N. Başgelen (Ed.): Neolithic in Turkey , Istanbul 1999, 203-236.
  • Mehmet Özdoğan: Hoca Çeşme . In: Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe (ed.): 12,000 years ago in Anatolia - The oldest monuments of mankind , Karlsruhe 2007, p. 152.