ISO / IEC 14443
The ISO / IEC 14443 is an international standard series of contactless smart cards . These are used for identification systems and access controls, but also payment applications such as credit cards, metro tickets, etc.
Within the standard, the reading unit is referred to as a PCD (proximity coupling device) and the card as a PICC (proximity integrated circuit card). The permissible reading distance in the closest proximity for reliable reading is a few centimeters down to direct placement.
The series of standards Identification cards - Contactless integrated circuit cards consists of the following parts:
- Part 1: Physical characteristics (2018, first edition 2000) In the first part, the physical properties of the Proximity Integrated Circuit Card are specified, so u. a. their dimensions according to ISO / IEC 7810 .
- Part 2: Radio frequency power and signal interface (2016, first edition 2001) The second part of the radio is frequency of 13.56 MHz fixed and the modulation method for types A and B . Both types use amplitude shift keying (ASK) in the downlink from the card reader to the card.
- Type A : With these cards,100% ASK (amplitude shift keying) with modified Miller coding is usedfor the downlink (PCD → PICC). Load modulation with ASK-modulated 847.5 kHz subcarriers in Manchester coding is usedfor the uplink (PICC → PCD).
- Type B : The modulation method for the downlink (PCD → PICC) is 10% ASK with NRZ (non return to zero) coding. The uplink (PICC → PCD) is implemented as load modulation with two- phase shift keying (BPSK - binary phase shift keying) modulated 847.5 kHz subcarrier in NRZ coding.
- Part 3: Initialization and anticollision (2018, first edition 2001) The third part describes the structure of the frames and the communication during data exchange between the Proximity Coupling Device (PCD) and Proximity Integrated Circuit Card (PICC). In addition, Part 3 describes methods with which several cards that are located in the near field at the same time can be distinguished, the so-called anti - collision .
- Part 4: Transmission protocol (2018, first edition 2001) The fourth part describes the transmission protocol for contactless data exchange. The readers for contactless smart cards must be able to read both versions: Type A and Type B .
Well-known applications of the standard are the so-called ePassports according to ICAO , such as the German passport , the German electronic identity card (from November 1, 2010), credit card systems, e.g. B. PayPass , u. a.
The standard was developed by ISO Working Group 8 (WG8), a subgroup of ISO / IEC / SC17.
compatibility
Chips from the manufacturer NXP are often used in such cards . There are different product generations of these, which do not always implement all parts of the standard. The following table gives an overview of these generations and their standard implementations.
| ISO layer | MIFARE Ultralight |
MIFARE Classic (1K / 4K / Mini) |
MIFARE SmartMX |
MIFARE DESFire |
MIFARE Plus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO / IEC 14443-4 (transmission protocol ) |
|
|
|
||
| ISO / IEC 14443-3 (initialization and anti-collision) |
|
|
|
|
|
| ISO / IEC 14443-2 (modulation and coding) |
(Type A) |
(Type A) |
(Type A) |
(Type A) |
(Type A) |
| ISO / IEC 14443-1 (physical properties) |
|
Individual evidence
- ↑ ISO / IEC FDIS 14443. iso.org, accessed March 21, 2016 .
- ↑ a b c d ISO 14443. itwissen.info, accessed on March 21, 2016 .
- ^ Homepage of WG8. wg8.de, accessed on March 21, 2016 .
- ↑ Depending on the implementation of the card, the IC alone does not meet the physical requirements required by ISO / IEC 14443-1.