Ibn Yamin

Ibn Yamin ( Arabic ابن يمين, DMG Ibn Yamīn  'Son of the Happy', full name Arabic - Persian امير فخرالدين محمود بن امير يمين الدين طغرائى مستوفى بيهقى فريومدى, DMG Amīr Faḫr ad-Dīn Maḥmūd bin Amīr Yamīn ad-Dīn Ṭuġrā'ī-i Mastūfī-i Bayhaqī-i Faryūmadī , born around 1286/87 in Faryūmad, today's Iranian province of Semnān ; died around 1368 ibid) was a Persian poet of the late Īlchān and early Timurid times.

Life

Not much is known of Ibn Yamin's life. One knows about the regional balance of power of his time and some vital dates. Essential information about his life and personality comes from Ibn Yamin himself, as he had incorporated autobiographical elements into the preface to his Dīwān and into the poems themselves. Later biographers referred to it and created the picture of his personality.

He was in the small town Faryūmad in western Khorasan born into a family of landed gentry in where his adventurous rich life took his exit. At that time the power struggles between the Kartids and the Sarbedaran began , in which he was finally involved and which took him to several royal courts, including Herat , the seat of the Kartiden prince . There he performed his service as a high state official for finances. Towards the end of his life he returned to his native Faryūmad, where he died.

plant

Ibn Yamin's original manuscript was lost around 1342 in connection with the battle between Malik Mu'izz ad-Dīn Ḥusain from the house of the Kart and Waǧīh ad-Dīn Mas'ūd, the leader of the Sarbedaran. All the manuscripts that still exist are therefore taken from a second compilation he wrote, that Dīwān .

His style, which reflected the Persian poetry of the Khorasan school , but also shaped it, was not only characterized by a variety of general influences, but also by the division into certain categories. He is still considered the master of Qiṭ'a (from Arabic قطعة 'Piece, fragment'), a form of poetry related to the Ghazele with a philosophical, ethical or even meditative orientation, in which Ibn Yamin processed his own experiences. In addition, his Dīwān includes many smaller forms, including riddle poems ( Persian چيستان, DMG čīstān ), epithets , chronograms and all kinds of occasional and memorial poems. There are also over a hundred short mulamma ' ( Arabic مُلَمَّع 'Blinking', Persian also “poem with verses from different languages”) called bilingual short poems in Arabic and Persian, but also Arabic poems with their Persian translations in verse form.

This is partly due to the influence of the Iraqi School , which incorporated complex syntactic forms as well as an exquisite use of Arabic terms in Persian poetry. In addition to the already existing themes and motifs as used in Oden ( Arabic قصيدة, DMG qaṣīda ) and love poems were used, Ibn Yamin's verses dealt with the subject of people's diligence and striving. He also warned of all kinds of excess, keeping an eye on the transience of time and the frailty of old age, death and life in the hereafter.

Famous Quotes (selection)

آنکس که بداند و بخواهد که بداند

خود را به بلندای سعادت برساند

ān-kas ke bedānad-o beḫ ^w āhad ke bedānad

ḫod-rā be bolandā-ye sa'ādat beresānad

If someone knows and wants him to know

He carries himself to the height of happiness.

آنکس که بداند و بداند که بداند

اسب شرف از گنبد گردون بجهاند

ān-kas ke bedānad-o bedānad ke bedānad

asb-e šaraf az gonbad-e gardūn beǧahānad

When one knows and knows that he knows

Gallops [towards him] the horse of honor from the sky dome.

آنکس که بداند و نداند که بداند

با کوزهٔ آب است ولی تشنه بماند

ān-kas ke bedānad-o nadānad ke bedānad

bā kūze-ye āb ast walī tešne bemānad

When someone knows and doesn't know that he knows

If he stays thirsty despite his clay jug full of water.

آنکس که نداند و بداند که نداند

لنگان خرک خویش به مقصد برساند

ān-kas ke nadānad-o bedānad ke nadānad

langān-e ḫarak-e ḫ ^w īš be maqṣad beresānad

If someone doesn't know and knows that he doesn't know

Does he limp himself to his goal with his own crutches.

آنکس که نداند و بخواهد که بداند

جان و تن خود را ز جهالت برهاند

ān-kas ke nadānad-o beḫ <w> āhad ke bedānad

ǧān-o tan-e ḫod-rā ze ǧahālat berahānad

If someone doesn't know and wants him to know

He saves his body and mind from ignorance.

آنکس که نداند و نداند که نداند

در جهل مرکب ابدالدهر بماند

ān-kas ke nadānad-o nadānad ke nadānad

dar ǧahl-e morakkab-e abado'd-dahr bemānad

If someone doesn't know and doesn't know that he doesn't know

He remains in gross ignorance forever.

آنکس که نداند و نخواهد که بداند

حیف است چنین جانوری زنده بماند

ān-kas ke nadānad-o naḫ ^w āhad ke bedānad

ḥeyf ast čenīn ǧānwar-ī zende bemānad

If someone doesn't know and doesn't want to know

Is it a shame that such a being stays alive?

Reception in the west

Maria von Ottokar translated a selection of Ibn Yamin's poems into German and provided them with a foreword in which his life is also briefly outlined: Ibn Jamin's Fragments from Persian , Vienna 1852. EH Rodwell also translated a hundred Qiṭ'a poems from one Lithograph edition, published in Calcutta in 1865, in English: Ibn Yamin. Short Poems , London 1922.

literature

• Mīr ʿAbd-al-Razzāq Ḵ ^v āfī: Bahārestān-e soḫan (بهارستان سخن, 'The Spring of the Word'), Madras 1958.
• Āftāb Rāy Lakhnavī: Riyāż al-ʿārefīn (رياض العارفين'The Gardens of the Mystics'), ed. S. Ḥ. Rāšedī, 2 vols., Rawalpindi 1976.
• Dawlatšāh , ed. Browne.
• Brown: Lit. Hist. Persia III.
• Ebn Yamīn Faryūmadī: Dīwān-e ašʿār (ديوان اشعار, 'The Dīwān of Poems'), ed. Ḥ .-' A. Bāstānī Rād, Tehran 1965.
• Faṣīḥ Aḥmad b. Maḥmūd Ḵ ^v āfī: Moǧmal-e faṣīḥī (مجمل فصيحى, 'Summary in Standard Arabic'), Ed. M. Farroḵ, 3 vols., Maschhad 1960–62.
• Reżāqolī Khan Hedāyat: Maǧma 'al-foṣaḥā' (مجمع الفصحاء 'Collection of Arabic Language Scholars'), 2 vols., Tehran 1960.
• M.-J. Maḥjūb: Sabk-e ḫorāsānī dar še're fārsī (سبك خراسانى در شعر فارسى, 'The Chorasan Style in Persian Poem'), Tehran 1971.
• Rypka: Hist. Iran. Lit. Ṣafā: Adabīyāt (ادبيات, 'Literature') III, ʿA-Ḥ. Zarrīnkūb: Bā kārwān-e ḥolle (با كاروان حله, 'With the Caravan of Robes'), 5th edition, Tehran 1983.

Remarks

1. ↑ See Browne, pp. 215 f .; Ṣafā, pp. 952 ff .; Zarrīnkūb, p. 229 ff.
2. ↑ Dīwān , p. 3 f.
3. ↑ Ibid. P. 5.
4. ↑ See Browne, p. 216; Rypka, p. 261; Ṣafā, p. 906.
5. ↑ See Rypka, p. 95 f.
6. ↑ Cf. Wehr: Arabic Dictionary , Wiesbaden 1968, p. 783; Junker / Alavi: Persian-German Dictionary , Leipzig / Teheran 1970, p. 760.
7. ↑ Transcriptions according to DMG .
8. ↑ Meaning: The “horse of honor” dwells in the dome of heaven [of honor] and now comes from there to him on earth. It is a play on words with the Persian verbجهانيدن, DMG ǧahānīdan , 'to gallop [through the world]', in which the term "world" (جهان, DMG ǧahān ) is included.
9. ↑ The Persian termخرك, DMG ḫarak has several meanings, including "little donkey", "footbridge (musical instrument)", "buck (over which one jumps)", "stilts" (cf. Junker / Alavi: Persian-German Dictionary , Leipzig / Teheran 1970, p . 271). It is therefore a matter of reaching one's real goal, but with obstacles of various kinds.
10. ↑ In the original "mind and body" also means "existence".
11. ↑ See Junker / Alavi: Persian-German Dictionary , Leipzig / Teheran 1970, p. 708.
12. ↑ All expressions are in the original in a subjunctive - conditional form.

Web links

• Encyclopædia Iranica: Article on Ibn Yamin