Illative

The illative is a grammatical local case that expresses the movement "into". It occurs in the Lithuanian language and in the languages ​​of the Finno-Ugric language family .

In Lithuanian

The illative is one of the secondary local cases in Lithuanian , e.g. B. miškan (into the forest), laukan (into the field), but today this fact is mostly expressed with prepositional phrases , e.g. B. į mišką (into the forest). It is also used figuratively, e.g. B. viešumon (to the public), galvon (in the head) or abstract, e.g. B. atsakomybėn (responsibility), domėn etc.

In Finnish

In Finnish, too, the illative expresses the “moving in”. It is also used in fixed idioms and occurs in infinitive forms of verbs. As the illative form of the infinitive III (in addition to the present active forms), it expresses the future tense form of a verb, which is missing in Finnish: 'tulen auttamaan' - 'I will help'; also in connection with auxiliary verbs such as 'ruveta' (to begin), 'ryhtyä' (approach), 'mennä' (to go).

In the Sami languages

There is also the illative in the Sami languages ​​of Lapland , e.g. B. In Inari Sami as one of nine and in North Sami as one of seven cases.

In Estonian

An example from the Estonian language would be “majasse” and “majja” (into the house), derived from the basic word “maja” (a house).

In Japanese

The illative is one of the possible functions of the particlesに and へ.

In Hungarian

In Hungarian, the illative has the ending -ba or -be after the vowel harmony . E.g. házba "into the house".

literature

• Kauderwelsch Volume 15, Finnish word for word - plus dictionary, 2015, ISBN 978-3-8317-6458-7 , p. 34.
• Martin Putz: Finnish grammar. Lulu Enterprises Inc. 2008, ISBN 978-1-4092-0343-8 , pp. 73-74, 97, 150-156.