Inertial Upper Stage
The IUS ( Inertial Upper Stage , German as " inertia navigated high school," or originally Interim Upper Stage , German about: preliminary school) is one of Boeing produced, two-stage module to satellite from a low orbit into a geostationary orbit or an interplanetary orbit bring to.
The IUS is stabilized around all three spatial axes and has two solid rocket motors, Orbus-21 and Orbus-6, for the two impulses of a Hohmannbahn .
Originally only intended as an interim solution until the introduction of the Centaur G stage on the Space Shuttle (hence the original name), the IUS became the standard upper stage for heavy geostationary payloads and deep space missions after the Shuttle Centaur program was discontinued.
The IUS was used on rockets of the Titan-34D , Titan-4A-, Titan-4B and the Space Shuttle. The payload capacities in geostationary orbit were as follows:
- Shuttle: 2268 kg
- Titan-34D: 1817 kg
- Titan-4A: 2364 kg
- Titan-4B: 2860 kg
In addition to TDRSS communications satellites and military satellites, payloads included NASA's Magellan , Ulysses , Galileo and Chandra missions .
When the Ulysses spacecraft was launched, the IUS was equipped with an additional PAM-S upper stage to bring Ulysses to a particularly high escape speed.
Start list
| Serial No. | Serial no. | date | Launcher | payload | Payload type | orbit | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | IUS-2 | October 30, 1982 | Titan-34D IUS | DSCS-2 F16 , DSCS-3 A1 | two military communications satellites | GSO | |
| 2 | IUS-1 | April 4th 1983 | Space Shuttle IUS | TDRS 1 | NASA communications satellite | GSO | |
| 3 | IUS-11 | January 24, 1985 | Space Shuttle IUS | Magnum 1 | Military wiretapping satellite | GSO | |
| 4th | IUS-12 | 3rd October 1985 | Space Shuttle IUS | DSCS-3 B4 , DSCS-3 B5 | two military communications satellites | GSO | |
| 5 | IUS-3 | January 28, 1986 | Space Shuttle IUS | TDRS 2 | NASA communications satellite | GSO | Failure: Space Shuttle Challenger explodes |
| 6th | IUS-7 | September 26, 1988 | Space Shuttle IUS | TDRS 3 | NASA communications satellite | GSO | |
| 7th | IUS-9 | March 13, 1989 | Space Shuttle IUS | TDRS 4 | NASA communications satellite | GSO | |
| 8th | IUS-18 | May 4th 1989 | Space Shuttle IUS | Magellan | Space probe to Venus | Interplanetary | |
| 9 | IUS-8 | June 14, 1989 | Titan-4 (02) A IUS | DSP-14 | Early warning satellite | GSO | |
| 10 | IUS-19 | October 18, 1989 | Space Shuttle IUS | Galileo | Space probe to Jupiter | Interplanetary | |
| 11 | IUS-5 | November 23, 1989 | Space Shuttle IUS | Magnum 2 | Military wiretapping satellite | GSO | |
| 12 | IUS-17 | October 6, 1990 | Space Shuttle IUS PAM-S | Ulysses | Space probe to the sun | Interplanetary | |
| 13 | IUS-6 | November 13, 1990 | Titan-4 (02) A IUS | DSP-15 | Early warning satellite | GSO | |
| 14th | IUS-15 | 2nd August 1991 | Space Shuttle IUS | TDRS 5 | NASA communications satellite | GSO | |
| 15th | IUS-14 | November 24, 1991 | Space Shuttle IUS | DSP-16 | Early warning satellite | GSO | |
| 16 | IUS-13 | January 13, 1993 | Space Shuttle IUS | TDRS 6 | NASA communications satellite | GSO | |
| 17th | IUS-20 | December 22, 1994 | Titan-4 (02) A IUS | DSP-17 | Early warning satellite | GSO | |
| 18th | IUS-26 | July 13, 1995 | Space Shuttle IUS | TDRS 7 | NASA communications satellite | GSO | |
| 19th | IUS-4 | February 23, 1997 | Titan-4 (02) B IUS | DSP-18 | Early warning satellite | GSO | |
| 20th | IUS-21 | April 9, 1999 | Titan-4 (02) B IUS | DSP-19 | Early warning satellite | GSO | unusable orbit due to errors in IUS upper level; Satellite is used for technological experiments. |
| 21st | IUS-27 | July 23, 1999 | Space Shuttle IUS | Chandra | X-ray telescope | HEO | |
| 22nd | IUS-22 | May 8, 2000 | Titan-4 (02) B IUS | DSP-20 | Early warning satellite | GSO | |
| 23 | IUS-16 | August 6, 2001 | Titan-4 (02) B IUS | DSP-21 | Early warning satellite | GSO | |
| 24 | IUS-10 | February 14, 2004 | Titan-4 (02) B IUS | DSP-22 | Early warning satellite | GSO |
