IOE valve control

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V-engine with IOE valve arrangement
Side view of an NSU sack cylinder with built-in outlet valve and removed inlet valve

Inlet over Exhaust ( IOE , English for "inlet via outlet") is a type of valve control in internal combustion engines . Due to their structure, cylinder heads with an upright exhaust valve and a hanging intake valve are also known as F-heads .

Technique and definition

In contrast to sniffer valve engines, in which only the exhaust valve was controlled, in the IOE engine both valves are controlled by an underlying camshaft. The inlet valve hangs in the cylinder head, opens downwards and is operated via the tappet , bumper and rocker arm , the exhaust valve is next to the cylinder, opens upwards and is moved by the camshaft via a tappet or rocker arm .

This hybrid form of side and head-controlled motor is also called “ counter-controlled ” or “alternating-controlled” . Motors with overhead valves are referred to as "overhead". Modern engines almost always have an overhead camshaft.

distribution

In the early days of motor vehicles, variable-speed motors were widespread. Manufacturers of IOE motorcycle engines were, for example, MAG , FN , Harley-Davidson (1911–1929), Indian Four, Moto Guzzi single-cylinder, Nimbus and NSU . Because of the unfavorably shaped combustion chamber and the limited compression , IOE engines are no longer manufactured today. Older engines often have bag cylinders that do not need a cylinder head gasket , but the cylinder is a complex cast part that is technically demanding and has a rugged and fuel-efficient combustion chamber shape.

British automakers Rolls-Royce ( Silver Dawn , Silver Wraith , Silver Cloud ) and Rover ( P3 , P4 , P5 ) continued to use IOE engines until the mid-1960s. In the jeep of the American manufacturer Willys-Overland Motors , later by Kaiser Motors , there was the alternately controlled Willys-Hurricane engine until 1971.

literature

  • Peter Gerigk, Detlev Bruhn, Dietmar Danner: Automotive engineering. 3rd edition, Westermann Schulbuchverlag GmbH, Braunschweig, 2000, ISBN 3-14-221500-X .
  • Richard van Basshuysen, Fred Schäfer: Handbook Internal Combustion Engine Basics, Components, Systems, Perspectives. 3rd edition, Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn Verlag / GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden, 2005, ISBN 3-528-23933-6 .
  • Hans Jörg Leyhausen: The master craftsman's examination in the automotive trade part 1. 12 edition, Vogel Buchverlag, Würzburg, 1991, ISBN 3-8023-0857-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Stefan Knittel: Motorrad Lexikon , BLV Verlag, 1981, ISBN 3-405-12226-0 , p. 72.
  2. ^ Allan Girdler: Harley-Davidson: The American Motorcycle , Motorbooks International, 1992, ISBN 9780879386030 , p. 16
  3. ^ VAW Hillier: Fundamentals of Motor Vehicle Technology , 4th edition, Standly Thornes, Cheltenham 1991, ISBN 9780748705313 , pp. 39 + 40
  4. ↑ Thomas Trapp: Motorcycle Oldtimer Catalog . Heel Verlag, 2003, ISBN 3-89880-099-7 , p. 12.
  5. ^ Stefan Knittel: Motorrad Lexikon , BLV Verlag, 1981, ISBN 3-405-12226-0 , p. 117.