Integral nationalism

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The American historian Carlton Hayes (1882–1964) describes one of five types of nationalism as integral nationalism in his 1928 book The Historical Evolution of Modern Nationalism .

term

Integral nationalism was represented by the French monarchist Charles Maurras (1868–1952) and is considered a proto-fascist , chauvinist , Catholic - royalist political idea. Integral nationalism exaggerates the nation, postulated as a semi-mythical unity, as an indispensable basis for any political and cultural activity and as a basic requirement for any social or individual prosperity. He sees the nation represented by the king at the head of a hierarchically organized state, to which every other interest group is subordinate and whose activities are intended to promote the welfare of the nation.

The main enemy is the political liberalism that emerged from the French Revolution of 1789 , associated with democrats , socialists , Protestants , Freemasons , Jews and foreigners , which must be overcome by a return to the established order of the hereditary monarchy . Revolutionary and romantic individualism freed man from the timeless and universal order of the nation. Thus, the France of liberal democracy ( pays légal ) contrasts with the real France ( pays réel ) of classical traditional institutions.

Another characteristic is national syndicalism , which, with the exception of the military, decentralizes the political, administrative, legal and civil instances and decision-making processes, i.e. relocates them from the centers of power in the big cities to the provinces and municipalities, and aims to strictly promote economic liberalism national collectivism replaced. The class struggle of the proletariat is superfluous because it is incorporated into the national community.

literature

  • Steve Bastow: Integral Nationalism . In: Cyprian P. Blamires (Ed.): World Fascism. A Historical Encyclopedia. Volume 1: A – K, ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara 2006, ISBN 1-57607-940-6 , p. 338
  • Peter Davies: The Extreme Right in France, 1789 to the Present. From de Maistre to Le Pen. Routledge, 2002, ISBN 0-415-23981-8
  • Raoul Girardet: Le nationalisme français. Anthology 1871-1914. Publié par Seuil, 1983, ISBN 2-02-006570-3
  • Ernst Nolte : Fascism in its epoch: Action française, Italian fascism, National Socialism. Piper, Munich 1963, ISBN 3-492-01425-9
  • Roy Pierce: Contemporary French Political Thought. Oxford University Press, 1966, ISBN 0-19-212536-2
  • Eugen Weber : Action Française: Royalism and Reaction in Twentieth Century France. Stanford University Press, 1962, ISBN 0-8047-0134-2